39 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 'l 1 / 



scribed as well the insects producing them. Both alate and 

 apterous forms were described. He secured galls of two dif- 

 ferent types. The first is undoubtedly the true Chinese gall 

 formed by chinensis. These galls develop on the winged 

 petioles. His other gall is an entirely different thing very ir- 

 regular in shape and somewhat suggesting the gall of vagabun- 

 dus Walsh. The insect producing it has a short stigma and 

 one oblique vein in the hind wing. 



Sasaki (1910) studied the life history of the species as oc- 

 curring in Japan. He secured the stem mother, forming a 

 small gall on the under surface of the leaf petiole in May. 

 These stem mothers produce from 17 to 18 young. By the 

 end of June the galls are divided into chambers, while toward 

 the end of July the finger-like projections of the galls are pres- 

 ent with usually two young of a stem mother in each projec- 

 tion. Toward the last of August the galls contain numerous 

 females of the second generation and many young of the third. 

 In October, young of the fourth generation are present and in 

 this month also pupae appear. During October and Novem- 

 ber the galls open and alate forms are freed. 



The young of these alate forms Sasaki was unable to keep 

 alive on Rhus, but he concludes that this was due to unnatural 

 conditions and that these young should remain over and "wake 

 up" in May and commence to form new galls. No males were 

 observed. 



Butler (1911), after a brief general account, says: "The 

 escape of the insect takes place on the spontaneous bursting 

 of the walls of the vesicle, probably when, after viviparous re- 

 production for .several generations, male winged insects are de- 

 veloped." 



Thorp (1912) makes reference to the Chinese galls and 

 states that commercially they are more used than those from 

 other trees, as the results obtained are much better. 



Fitch (1866) described a species of aphid forming galls on 

 Rhus in this country under the name of Byrsocrypia rhois, 

 and this is the species now generally known as Pemphigus rliois 



