164 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



7 , to 9 distinct, although essentially of the same type. The 

 coloration of the Cnidocampa larva is less specialized than 

 that of Mircsa, its purple and green suggesting our Sibinc, 

 though the pattern of dumb-bell shape is unlike anything found 

 in America. It is, however, apparently not an unusual device 

 in Asia, the figure of the larva of Orthocraspeda trima Moore 

 showing a similar pattern. There is, however, no close rela- 

 tion between Orthocraspeda and Cnidocampa structurally, 

 cither as larva or adult. 



The young larva of Cnidocampa is without defined color- 

 ation, the pattern being gradually developed during ontogeny, 

 without any sudden changes. This indicates a primitive con- 

 dition, and undoubtedly the coloration is of an ancient type, 

 as shown by its appearance in Orthocraspeda, a phylogen- 

 etically much older form. It is of a warning nature, the bright 

 and conspicuous markings being accompanied with well- 

 developed urticating spines upon the fleshy horns. 



The larvae spin hard cocoons upon the twigs of the trees 

 upon which they have been feeding, usually in the forks of the 

 smaller twigs. These cocoons overwinter, and the adults issue 

 in the spring. The time of emergence varies with the latitude. 

 Fernald found them to emerge in Massachusetts in the latter 

 part of June and first of July; Fixsen records their emergence 

 in Korea from the 18th to 26th of July. Some specimens 

 overwintered at Washington, brought as larvae from Massa- 

 chusetts and placed upon trees in the open, emerged June 1, 

 while others from north China, also overwintered at Wash- 

 ington, emerged the last of May. The species is generally 

 single-brooded, but it may be double-brooded in the more 

 southern part of its range. The early emerging specimens 

 at Washington produced larvae which matured, spun, and 

 issued the same season, producing adults again in August. 

 The range of the species, as given by Leech, is Amurland, 

 Japan, Korea, central and north China. The species is easily 

 exported, as the hard overwintering cocoons not infrequently 

 occur upon fruit or ornamental trees and their peculiar 

 appearance does not suggest that they are the work of an 

 insect. Fryer remarks on their resemblance to birds' e,^>. 

 while Dickerson thinks that they look like leaf-buds. Either 

 simile appears to me rather far-fetched. The general mottled 

 coloration rather resembles that of bark, especially upon knot- 

 ted twigs with patches of lichen, though there does not seem 

 to be any very special adaptation for concealment, the exceed- 

 ingly hard nature of the cocoon itself rendering such a thing 

 superfluous. 



