vi HETEROCERA ZYGAENIDAE 391 



are free, and the abdomen has much power of movement ; there 

 is no eye-collar ; the antennae, hind legs, and proboscis -tips 

 stretch backwards as far as the fifth or sixth abdominal seg- 

 ment, the tips being quite free ; on the dorsal plates of the 

 abdomen there are rows of minute elevations reminding one of 

 the teeth existing in pupae that live in stems or galleries. This 

 is altogether a peculiar pupa ; it lives closely enclosed in a small 

 hard cocoon, and its great capacity for movement is perhaps con- 

 nected with the fact that the pupa itself manages to force its 

 way through the cocoon in anticipation of the emergence of the 

 moth. This cocoon is fastened tightly to a stem, and is covered 

 with a substance that gives it a glazed appearance. The larvae 

 are objects of a baggy nature, with inferior coloration, consisting 

 of large dark blotches on a light ground, and without any 

 remarkable development of their somewhat feeble system of 

 hairs. Numerous small moths from the tropics are assigned 

 to the family ; they are most of them conspicuously marked 

 and coloured, and like our Burnets are probably diurnal. 



The family Chalcosiidae is reduced by Hampson to the 

 position of a sub-family of Zygaenidae. It consists of a large 

 variety of diurnal moths of varied and brilliant colours, with an 

 expanse of wing large in 

 comparison with the typi- 

 cal Zygaenae, and with 

 the antennae pectinate or 

 flabellate to the tip. Some 

 of these Insects (which are 

 as conspicuous as possible 



in appearance, at any rate . , , ~^r~ "" w . 



J FIG. 195. Hampsoma putchermma. Wings on 



ill a Cabinet, the East right side detached and denuded to show 



Indian Cadphises moorei ^miration. India. (After Swinhoe.) 



e.g.} are considered to be destitute of any special " protection." 

 Histia- is a genus of remarkable cruciform moths, of a mixture 

 of black and metallic colours, with carmine - tinted bodies. 

 Hu.mpsonict, pulcherrima (East India) is a curious moth of butter- 

 fly form and coloration, red and black with yellow patches, and 

 with some of the nervules distorted, as if they had been forced 

 a] tart in certain spots in order to accommodate these patches. 



Two or three hundred species of Chalcosiidae are recorded. 

 They are specially characteristic of the Indo-Malayan region. 



