4IO LEPIDOPTERA CHAP. 



species are native in Britain. Packard maintains the family 

 Nolidae as distinct. 1 



The sub-family Xycteolinae consists of a few small moths the 

 position of which has always been uncertain; Nycteola (better 

 known as Sarrothripus), If alias, and Earias are all British genera 

 that have been placed amongst Tortrices, to which they bear a 

 considerable resemblance. Sarrothripus is at present placed by 

 Hampsoii in Xoctuidae, by others in Lithosiidae, by Meyrick in 

 Arctiidae. The sub-family forms the family Cymbidae of Kirby; 2 

 it includes at present only about 70 species, all belonging to the 

 Eastern hemisphere. Two types of larvae are known in it : one 

 bare, living exposed on leaves ; the other, Earias, hairy, living 

 among rolled-up leaves. Halias prasinana is known from the 

 testimony of numerous auditors to produce a sound when on the 

 wing, but the modus operandi has not been satisfactorily ascer- 

 tained. Sound-production seems to be of more frequent occurrence 

 in Arctiidae than it is in any other family of Lepidoptera : 

 Dionychopus nirr-ns produces a sound by, it is believed, friction 

 of the wings. In the case of the genera Setina and Chrlonia 

 the process is said to be peculiar to the male sex : Laboulbene 

 believes it to proceed from drum-like vesicles situate one on each 

 side of the base of the metathorax. 3 



Fam. 35. Agaristidae. An interesting assemblage of moths, 

 many of them diurnal and of vivid colours, others crepuscular. 

 There is considerable variety of appearance in the family, although 

 it is but a small one, and many of its members remind one of 

 other and widely separated families of Lepidoptera. The style 

 and colour of the Japanese Euscmia villieoides are remarkably 

 like our Arctia villica. In some forms the antennae are some- 

 what thickened towards the tip and hooked, like those of the 

 Skipper butterflies. The family consists at present of about 250 

 species, but we doubt its being a sufficiently natural one. It is 

 very widely distributed, with the exception that it is quite absent 

 from Europe and the neighbourhood of the Mediterranean Sea. 

 fn North America it is well represented. The larvae, so far as 

 known, are not very remarkable; they have some lateral tufts of 

 hair, as well as longer hairs scattered over the body. 



1 Amcr. Natural, xxix. 1895, p. 801. 



- Catalogue of Lepidopterct Heterocera, i. 1892. 



3 Ann. &>c. cut. France (4), iv. 1864, p. 689. 



