VIII 



COCCIDAE- SCALE-INSECTS 



: : 



the young Coccids are all similar, male and female being indistin- 

 guishable. A difference 

 soon appears, with the 



that the male, after 

 passing through more 

 than one pupal condi- 

 tion, appears as a winged 

 Insect. The female never 

 becomes winged, but, if 

 \\e may judge from the 

 incomplete accounts we at 

 present poss ss, her de- 

 velopment varies much 

 >>rding to species. In 

 some she retains the legs, 

 antennae, and mouth- 

 "rgans ; in others she 

 loses these puts, though 

 retaining the original 

 form in a general manner; 

 while in a third (J/ar- 

 gnrorfes) she becomes en- 

 cysted, and apparently 

 suffers an almost com- 

 plete histolysis. reappearing after a very long period (it is said 

 it may be as much as seven years) in a considerably altered form. 

 The post-embryonic development of Aspidiotus ncrii has 1 

 studied by Schmidt * and Witlaczil/ whose accounts agree exi 

 as to some points, such as the number of eedyses. The young, 

 larva, is hatched with fairly well-developed legs, antennae, 

 rostrum : there is no external difference between the sexes. I 

 larva selects some spot on the plant and drives its rostrum t 

 thus becoming fixed; moults occur, and the bodv exeiv: - waxy 







matter from its sides in processes that fell together auc" 

 shield; the female becomes much larger than the male. 

 - and antennae of both sexes disappear, so that the p< 

 .ent is completely lost. The mouth-parts also at 

 after this undergoes no further chance, ex 

 growth in connection with ovarian 



.Yu/HiyrA. li. i. 1SS5. p. 169. s ZfitftAr. tcifs. 



FIG. '290. Instars of rkiftyfojrins citri. (After Ber- 

 lese.'t A. Egg ; B. youug larva : C, first male 

 nymph : D. second male nymph : E. adult male : 

 F, adult female. All equally iiugnilietL 



