130 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 



merit (propodeum) in the formation of the thorax, the board 

 junction of the thorax and abdomen, the more primitive type 

 of head, wing venation, nature of the termal abdominal struc- 

 tures, etc., are sawfly features which would differentiate this 

 group from the higher Hymenoptera almost as markedly as the 

 Lepidoptera are differentiated from the Trichoptera; but the 

 weight one would give to these differences is largely a matter of 

 personal preference, and for the sake of convenience, the sawfly 

 group has been referred to as a part of the order Hymenoptera, 

 in the following discussion. 



Those who have figured the genitalia of male sawflies usually 

 make no attempt to homologize the parts with those of other in- 

 sects, or even with those of the higher Hymenoptera, and since 

 the workers in related groups such as the Diptera, Lepidoptera, 

 Trichoptera, Hemiptera, etc., use their own special terminology in 

 each group, without regard to other related insects, or the lower 

 forms, it has seemed preferable to attempt to apply to the parts 

 of the genitalia of sawflies, the uniform terminology worked out 

 for the genitalia of lower insects, and the Neuroptera, Mecop- 

 tera, Trichoptera, Diptera, etc., in papers by Crampton, 19183 

 and iQiSb. In this way, the true significance of the parts is 

 brought out in the sawflies, whereas, to attempt to apply to the 

 parts such meaningless terms as "cardo," "stipes" and "lacinia" 

 (which have always been used for structures of the maxillae) or 

 the term squama (usually employed to designate the proximal 

 calypter at the base of the wing in Diptera, or the scale at the 

 base of the abdomen in ants, etc.) used by some workers to desig- 

 nate the parts of the genitalia of higher Hymenoptera, would be 

 grossly inexact and very misleading. It would be fully as de- 

 plorable to use the terms cardo, stipes, etc., for parts of the geni- 

 talia, as it would be to employ the terms mentum, submentum, 

 etc., in this connection, since the former terms have always been 

 used for parts of the maxillae, and if anatomical terms in ento- 

 mology are ever to have any exact meaning at all, as they do in 

 vertebrate anatomy, such ignorant or slovenly usage of terms 

 must be done away with, each term must be applied only to 

 homologous structures throughout the orders of insects. 



No attempt has been made in the present paper to trace the 

 modifications of the larval structures through the pupal to the 

 adult stages, since the material requisite for such a study is not 

 at present available although I am hoping to carry out such a 

 study in the near future. It has seemed advisable, however, to 

 include a brief discussion of certain of the structures present in 

 the larval stages, since some of the interpretations of the parts 



