PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 133 



be only in one part. The size of the body and the size of the 

 eyes and ocelli are other external characters which determine that 

 these are second form adults. 



Stained total mounts show definitely that, according to form 

 and size of the brain, frontal gland, sex organs, and other internal 

 organs, these are young second form adults. 



Therefore, if they are normal second form adults, this theory 

 is disproved. 



However, granting that: 2. They are normal second form re- 

 productive adults, they might have been accidentally carried out 

 of the parent colony by the emergence of the winged forms -the 

 normal ( ?) method of egress of second forms being by subterranean 

 galleries. Only additional observations in the field can def- 

 initely determine whether this is the case or not, but it is very 

 improbable ! 



Another view might be that: 3. This "pseudo-flight" is the 

 normal method for the egress of second form adults from the 

 parent colony they being later "adopted" by small bands of 

 foraging workers and soldiers. This may be possible, but is a 

 rather haphazard "hit or miss" method. 



It is much more probable that: 4. This "pseudo-flight" is the 

 normal manner of the exodus and the young second form adults 

 are able to survive alone. This is the natural and an entirely 

 reasonable supposition, but there are biological facts that tend 

 to disprove this, or at least throw some doubt on this view. As 

 will be shown below, this reproductive caste is apparently greatly 

 dependent upon workers. 



It may be that: 5. The normal egress is through subterranean 

 galleries, the reproductive forms being accompanied by workers 

 and soldiers. 



Or that: -6. The second form adults, emerging from the par- 

 ent colony through subterranean galleries, are "adopted" by forag- 

 ing workers. 



The most probable of these views, based upon rather incom- 

 plete field data, are : 



That the "pseudo-flight" is the normal manner by which 

 second form adults establish new colonies and that they are able 

 when young to survive without the aid of workers and soldiers. 

 It is possible that second form adults may also leave the parent 

 colony through subterranean galleries, being accompanied by 

 workers and soldiers. 



Subcolonies or temporary colonies are frequently found with 

 apparently only workers and soldiers present; these subcolonies, 

 which furnish increased facilities for habitation and food sup- 

 plies, are possibly offshoots from the parent colony or nest and 



