130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21 



in him other interests and other ambitions which were to deter- 

 mine the future course of his life. 



During three years here he prepared for entrance to Bowdoin 

 College. But the Civil War intervened. His classmates en- 

 listed, most of them in the army, but his earlier experience 

 inclined him to the navy, where he served for three years 

 (1862-1865), rising to the rank of ensign. Just before sail- 

 ing, he was married to Miss Maria Elizabeth Smith, whose 

 death occurred in 1919. During his service in the navy, by the 

 aid of books carried with him, he completed the Bowdoin Col- 

 lege course. Later (1871) he received the degree of Master 

 of Arts from Bowdoin College. 



On his return from the war, he was made principal of Litch- 

 field Academy, Maine. Here he began the study of geology, 

 which was continued at Houlton Academy, of which he was 

 principal from 1866 to 1871. Finding it necessary to his 

 progress in geology to know more of botany and zoology, he 

 undertook an intensive study of these subjects. During this 

 period also, he began the collection and study of insects, with 

 all the attending difficulties of scattered literature. 



Through his independent study and through his correspond- 

 ence with the foremost men of science, he was not only familiar 

 with a great variety of subjects but became known to the 

 scientists of this country and abroad. 



In 1871, he was made professor of natural history in the 

 Maine State College (now the University of Maine), and was 

 called upon to teach botany, physical geography, human anat- 

 omy and physiology, comparative anatomy, veterinary science 

 and zoology, with special attention to entomology, geology and 

 mineralogy. During this time (1871-1886) insects came more 

 and more to occupy his attention, as is shown by the titles of 

 his papers. While connected with the Maine State College, 

 he wrote "Grasses of Maine," "Butterflies of Maine" (1884), 

 "Sphingidae of New England" (1886), and "A Synonymical 

 Catalogue of the described Tortricidae of North America" 

 (1882). The conclusions in the last named paper were based 

 on his studies and comparisons of specimens in the museums 

 of this country and of Europe. Numerous other shorter ento- 

 mological papers appeared during this time, chiefly notes and 



