6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. 



to believe that it is, since the cocoon is not of the same con- 

 sistency as the surrounding medium, having a more papery 

 texture. A few strands of silk-like structure are sometimes 

 found about the pupal chambers. It is evident that the resin- 

 ous cap is formed by the larva pressing the resin outwardly 

 with its anterior part, possibly using the "sternal spatula" for 

 the purpose. 



On March nth the first pupae were found, but there were 

 still a few feeding larvae, the great majority, however, being 

 in pupal chambers. These latter do not pupate immediately 

 (except perhaps the late-maturing ones), but hibernate for 

 some time before transforming. When the insect is near 

 pupation the thoracic segments become differentiated from the 

 following segments by contracting into a smooth cone, the 

 inter-segmental grooves disappearing and the appendages be- 

 coming visible under the skin as alternate darker and paler 

 portions, and the two extremities of the forming pupa separate 

 from the enveloping exuvium. The process of shedding this 

 exuvium was not observed ; several pupae, however, were ex- 

 amined as they lay in their cells, and the larval skin was found 

 clinging to the last two or three segments ; other pupae were 

 found to have the larval skin wholly removed, the spatula 

 and head skeleton remaining with the cast exuvium. 



The pupa is quite active, reminding one somewhat of that 

 of a lepidopterous insect. As the midge develops the anterior 

 portion of the pupa darkens, especially about the head, and at 

 the proper time (two or three weeks) is extruded through the 

 cocoon cap and the fly issues from its shell. The adults 

 emerged mostly in April and early May, and were found to be 

 more sluggish than Cecidomyia (D.~) pini-radiatae . 



A great diversity of habits exists among the various pine 

 midges, and the making synonymous of forms of widely differ- 

 ent habits seems to me open to question. C. resinicola as we 

 have seen has habits quite similar to C. resinicoloides, its 

 western representative, but C. pini-inopis, considered 

 synonymous with resinicola, attacks the needles of P. 

 inopis and pupates in a resinous cocoon on a needle. 



