12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '08 



high pressure power sprayers enabled the use of weaker sprays 

 than had heretofore been thought desirable. By these various 

 steps the savings mounted ; eighty per cent, became ninety per 

 cent., and then ninety-five per cent., until two or three years 

 ago even ninety-eight per cent, could be counted on. 



This past season in concluding a series of investigations on 

 this pest that have been in progress for a number of years, 

 the State Experiment Station of Washington eclipsed the 

 record. Modern power sprayers, working at two hundred 

 pounds pressure, forced a dilute spray into every flower cup. 

 As fast as the worms entered the cups they were poisoned. The 

 annihilation of the first brood of larvae was almost complete. 

 In a seventeen-acre orchard that had 400,000 wormy apples 

 in 1906, but 176 worms were taken from the band-straps this 

 year, indicating that but four hundred worms escaped the first 

 spraying. Even under the best conditions of reproduction the 

 second brood in this orchard could not have exceeded eight 

 thousand worms or eighty boxes of apples. But, as two other 

 sprayings were given to poison the second brood the calculated 

 eighty boxes were reduced to six, one-tenth of one per cent, of 

 the crop. 



To give the two sprayings for the second brood cost $100, 

 which was more than the increased saving amounted to. In 

 other words, a single complete spraying is now considered all 

 that need be necessary to suppress the codling moth, no matter 

 how wormy the orchard previously was. This sentence must 

 be read carefully, it means much more than simply spraying. 

 It means thorough spraying, at a certain date and in a way 

 that the fruit grower ten years ago did not dream of. The 

 spraying must be given within a few days after blossoming 

 time. A coarse spray is forcibly shot from Bordeaux nozzles 

 only, drenching the tree through and through. Arsenate of 

 lead alone is used one pound to fifty gallons, or in some of 

 our tests even as weak as one pound to eighty gallons. The 

 idea now is that the poison is better distributed when carried 

 by much water thrown with great force than when used as the 

 misty concentrated spray prevalent a few years ago. Another 

 important point has been brought out, on which the success of 



