280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '08 



spine and these in turn by three or four spines, which de- 

 crease in size laterally. The posterior abdominal segment, 

 viewed from the ventral side, has a basal portion, from the 

 lateral sides of which projects a single strong spine, and from 

 the ventral surface of which project two strong spikes, each 

 of which terminates in two sharp spines. Posteriorly the seg- 

 ment is much constricted and terminates in two pointed spines 

 with a narrow emargination between. Looking at the seg- 

 ment from the side, it can be seen that the dorsal half projects 

 beyond the ventral portion and terminates in two very strong 

 dorsally curved spines. 



On the dorsal surface the segments have but a single row of 

 spines. Along the median line of the back the first segment 

 bearing spines has two small closely applied ones, the next 

 two segments each have three and the next two segments each 

 two. Lateral to these closely joined spines on each segment 

 there is one strong spine, followed by three or four smaller 

 ones. On the dorsal surface of the anterior abdominal and 

 the thoracic segments there is usually a single papillae bearing 

 a fine bristle-like hair. 



The dorsal spines curve slightly forward, while those on the 

 ventral surface project backward. These help the pupae in 

 working their way up through the decaying vegetable material 

 and in maintaining their position when they once get to the sur- 

 face where their thoracic breathing tubes can be protruded out 

 into the air. 



The breathing tubes are very long and slender, with a short, 

 much wrinkled stalk. The trachea can be traced to the very tip 

 of the tube. There are two rows of small, circular foramina 

 on the dorsal surface of each breathing tube. These foramina 

 also surround the tip of the tube and extend some ways down 

 the ventral surface in two rows. 



In some cases the segments of the antennae can be distin- 

 guished through the semi-transparent sheath. The ocelli can 

 be seen through the sheath and are arranged in parallel rows 

 extending almost at right angles to the longitudinal direction of 

 the body. Some of the venation of the wings and the seg- 



