Dec., '08] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 475 



fuscated and finely ringed for over two-thirds their length from 

 the base and are suddenly constricted toward the tip, conforming 

 in this respect with the air tube of the larva and evidently for 

 a similar purpose. The entire pupa is destitute of external 

 vestiture except for two small hairs situated near the base of 

 the second abdominal segment. The anal paddles are long 

 about four times as long as broad, and have finely serrated 

 margins. 



On June 2d the first pupa was collected in the Trenton swamp 

 and on the 5th two others were taken. They were washed 

 from the bottom mud and vegetable debris and like those in 

 the laboratory showed scarcely any signs of life. They grad- 

 ually died without producing adults. By this time the water 

 in that portion of the swamp which supplied us with larvae was 

 so completely run off in consequence of drainage operations 

 that further observations in this place were precluded. Mr. 

 J. T. Brakeley, of Lahaway, however, was able to continue 

 his studies throughout the season, getting his material from 

 the pool in which eggs were first discovered in 1907. These 

 notes now in the hands of Professor Smith will be collated 

 and published in the Report of the New Jersey Experiment 

 Station for 1908. 



Mr. Brakeley collected the first pupa on May 28th and on 

 the 3 1st of that month three others were taken. From these 

 he secured three male adults on the ist and 2d of June, his 

 pupae having been apparently more advanced than those col- 

 lected by myself and therefore maturing in spite of unnatural 

 conditions. Additional pupae were collected at intervals 

 throughout June and July, some producing imagoes, others fail- 

 ing to do so. 



From what has been observed it is certain that the pupae 

 never come to the surface for air as do the other forms of 

 Culcx (sens, lat.) of which the early stages are known. It 

 is almost equally certain that the air tubes used in unity are 

 inserted into the grass roots and like the larva oxygen is secured 

 through the tissues of the plant. That these tubes are not 

 permanently fixed in one position is shown by the fact that 



