47 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., '08 



they separate when immersed in alcohol, and that they can be 

 independently moved at the will of the pupa has been demon- 

 strated by Mr. Brakeley who has observed them with one tube 

 projected through the surface film of the water and with the 

 other propelling itself in a rotating movement around the first 

 which served as a pivot. 



An interesting fact in connection with the larva was 'also 

 demonstrated by Mr. Brakeley when on July 3ist he obtained 

 a small lot of young wrigglers apparently in the second stage 

 of development together with a full grown larva which clearly 

 belonged to last year's brood. Thus is the record established of 

 the continuous prevalence of larvae throughout the entire year. 

 This had been previously suspected because of the capture of 

 newly emerged adults from May to September. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII. 

 Fig. r. Pupa of Culc.v pertnrbans, lateral view. 



Fig. 2. Pupa of Culc.v pcrturbans, rear view, showing convergence of 

 air tubes. 



Fig. 3. One of the air tubes highly magnified. 

 Fig. 4. Swimming paddles of pupa. 



The Life-History of Lycaena antiacis Bdv., 



with other Notes on other Species. 

 By FRANCIS X. WILLIAMS, San Francisco, Cal. 



The fact that antiacis has exactly the same habitat as xcrces, 

 and that there are immediate forms making nice stepping 

 stones between the two would leave no doubt to my mind that 

 they are one and the same species. However, being desirous 

 of further satisfying myself on this point, I reared a number 

 of larvae which, at different periods in 1908, proved to be all 

 antiacis. I am still satisfied however that xerccs is dimorphic, 

 antiacis being the other form, and that this dimorphism may 

 be dependent on weather conditions. A good series of the 

 two will show from the under surface of the wings, not only 

 intermediate forms, but aberrations as well ; whereas viewed 

 from the upper surface the two insects are indistinguishable. 



Xcrces is easily recognized from the under side of the wings 



