Vol. XXl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 451 



the i6th of June and the third on June 2ist. The second of 

 these died without pupating. The imago from the larva that 

 began spinning June i/th appeared July 7th. The pupal 

 period is apparently about three weeks. 



On the Qth of June a pupa of grynea was found buried in 

 the rotten wood of the top railing of a fence near an apple 

 tree and later a chrysalis was dug from a crack in the same 

 railing and a number of empty pupal skins found in cocoons 

 attached to the underside of the railing. As the cocoon mak- 

 ing in both ultronia and grynea is the same, bits of chewed 

 leaves and silk, it is probable that neither of these spin under 

 leaves on the ground. 



The remarkable likeness of the larvae of these two species 

 and of the European plum feeder, paranympha certainly places 

 these moths close together and shows how absurd is the group- 

 ing of the species of Catocala upon color alone. There is no 

 question that the safest and sanest classification is upon the 

 larva. In a large series of specimens of any one of the species 

 will be found a considerable variation in the color band of the 

 hind w r ing as well as in the depth of color of the forewing. 

 What would our systematists do with a black hindwinged 

 palaeogama or a bright yellow-banded hindwinged cara or 

 ilia ? 



The senior author's experience with the larvae of concum- 

 bens in 1910 was not quite so disastrous as that in 1909 with 

 the same species. The eggs hatched early and the larvae did 

 fine till at or past the last moult and probably would have 

 pupated with little loss had the fine, mild weather continued, 

 but the torrid heat that set in just before their last moult 

 destroyed a number of them. The first larva began spinning 

 June lyth and seven in all pupated but only four of the chrys- 

 alids gave imagoes and two of these were indifferent speci- 

 mens. The other two were large and fine. Hardly better re- 

 sults attended the rearing of relict a, few of the larvae reaching 

 the chrysalis stage. Still the imagoes were larger than those 

 reared in 1909. 



