OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 3.1 



To this end the present account is divided into three parts: 

 first, a brief, general discussion of the nomenclature of the several 

 groups of species which have masqueraded under the name E nth rips ; 

 second, a catalogue of the American components of the genera 

 to which these species, in the light of our present knowledge, 

 actually belong; and, third, a bibliography of all papers necessary 

 to a proper study of these problems. To the papers by Bu.7a 

 (1907) and Karny (1912) I am particularly indebted for many of 

 the points brought out below. 



Probably no other genus of Thysanoptera has presented more 

 difficult questions of nomenclature, nor disclosed more diver-'- 

 opinions regarding its proper application, than the genus !'. nth rips 

 Targioni-Tozzetti. It was proposed in 1881 as a substitute for 

 the name Thrips \vhich has been used by Haliday (1836) for a sub- 

 genus of Thrips Linne (1758), evidently for no better reason than 

 to avoid the duplication of the generic name in a subgenus. Hali- 

 day divided Linne's genus Thrips into the five subgenera, .\ptin<>- 

 tlirips, Chirothrips, Limothrips, Belothrips, and Thrift* s.s., of which 

 the first four were new. Targioni-Tozzetti accepted the division 

 of the genus into five subgenera and, except for a few slight ciuin'j 

 reproduced Haliday's key in Italian. The onh' important change 

 was the emoloyment of the subgeneric name Euthrips in the plac- 

 of Thrips. That he proposed Euthrips in the sense of Th /!/> s. 

 is shown by: (1) its derivation (from ev, true or well + 6pi\j. : _ 

 the placing of Thrips mits synonymy in two places; (3) the fact 

 that he does not use the subgeneric name Thrip*: and (4) the in- 

 clusion in E nth rip* of the species which Haliday assigned to the 

 subgenus Thrips. This suppression of the subgenus 77/ ///>* is in 

 direct opposition to Article 9 of the International ( 'ode of Zoological 

 Nomenclature, which reads as follows: "If a genus is divided 

 into subgenera, the name of the typical subgenus must be the same 

 as the name of the genus." Article 31 of the Entomological < 'ode 

 (Banks and Caudell, 1912) is equally explicit. It is evident. 

 therefore, that Enthrips Targioni-Tozzetti (1881) is an absolute 

 synonym of the genus Thrips Linne (1758), and isogenotypic 

 therewith. 1 Entlirip*, therefore, c</n never l>< used as generic 

 name in zoology. 



Karny (1912) and Buffa (1907 i. by a dii'lereut course of reason- 

 ing, retain E-uthrip* as a valid generic name, and use it in the place 

 of Anapltothrip* l'/el. According to them, the type of Enttirip* 

 must be chosen from one of its bhree originally included species 

 This contention I have shown to be at fault, for the name was 

 erected as a substitute for a perfectly valid older name which was 



1 The type of Thrips Linne (!?.> was designated is T. /,////.-<//, i/ 

 Westwood in 1840. 



