OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XV, 1913. 49 



struck with a luminous appearance in the earth when disturbed to a depth 

 of three or four inches; the light proceeded from numerous distinct points 

 and lasted for more than a minute after its first appearance. On carrying 

 home some of phosphorescent earth Dr. Allman was enabled to trace the 

 phenomenon in question to the presence of numerous living individuals of 

 Anurophorus fimetareus, from each of which there proceeded in the dark 

 a faint but very evident emanation of light. Specimens of the insect 

 preserved alive in a glass phial continued for many nights to exhibit this 

 beautiful phenomenon which was also witnessed by Dr. Stokes and Mr. 

 Haliday as well as by numerous other friends whose attention was directed 

 to it by Dr. Allman. The light could not be traced to any definite point 

 in the insect. The Anurophorus was very abundant on the hill and sub- 

 sequent observations proved that the dark peaty soil which abounds in 

 some places on Howth was almost the only part of this district from which 

 it could be affirmed to be absent." 



1885 Dubois, C. R. Soc. d. Biol. Paris, vol. in, ser. 8, pp. 

 600-603. "Le function photogenique des Podures" mentions All- 

 man's observations and gives detailed account of his own obser- 

 vations on luminous Podurids (similar to Lipura ambulans and 

 L. armata) near Heidelberg in October 1881. 



1890 Gadeau de Kerville, Les animaux et les vegetaux lumi- 

 neux, pp. 98-100, knew only the two accounts just cited. 



1894 Dubois, Rev. Ge"ne"ral des Sci. Pures et Applique's, vol. 

 v, pp. 415-422, and 529-534; not seen by the writer but the 

 following is said to be an English translation of it. 



1895 Dubois, Rep. Smithsonian Institution for 1895, p. 418, 

 plate xxiii, briefly mentions luminous Collembolans as causing, 

 when numerous, the soil in certain continental localities "to 

 become luminous like the sand of the sea which contains Noctilucse." 

 He knew but one luminous species which he figures as Lipura 

 noctiluca. 



1896 Packard, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. iv, p. 61, alludes 

 to the luminous Poduran Anurophorus. This is the only reference 

 found in the American Mterature. but is probably based upon 

 Allman's observation. 



1898 Dubois, -Lemons de physiologie generaleet compare*e, Paris, 

 pp. 418-420, quotes his previous account of his observations near 

 Heidelberg, of Oct. 1881 on the species which is again figured as 

 Lipurca noctiluca. 



1904 Molisch, Leuchtende Pflanzen, Jena; notes the light of 

 Neanura muscorum Templeton. In the autumn of 1901 he took a 



