OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XV, 1913. 75 



Una, etc. Anastrepha ludens Loew is, of course, the principal 

 pest of orange fruit in certain States in Mexico and was the occasion 

 of the quarantine by California of Mexican oranges. Trypeta 

 mus(E Froggatt, the Island fruit fly, infests bananas and other fruits 

 in the New Hebrides and has been introduced into Australia. 

 Acidia heraclei L. occurs in Europe and Asia Minor, and mines the 

 leaves of celery. Platyparea pceciloptera Schrank occurs over cen- 

 tral Europe and is destructive to asparagus. The female fly 

 deposits her eggs on the tips of the young shoots, the resulting 

 maggots living beneath the skin and tunnelling towards the base of 

 the plant. It remains to mention a fly of the family Lonchaeidse, 

 Lonchcea splendida, present in New South Wales, Victoria, New 

 Zealand and the Pacific Islands, which infests tomatoes, after the 

 manner of fruit flies. 



Oscinidce. 



The Oscinida? include several species which in Europe are exceed- 

 ingly troublesome to small grains. Chlorops tccniopus Meigen 

 causes the affection known as "gout" on account of the swollen 

 condition of the heads. The maggots are especially prevalent in 

 barley, but are common also in wheat and rye. Another species, 

 the Oscinis frit L., or frit fly, is especially abundant and injurious 

 over northern Europe, attacking principally oats and barley, and 

 constituing one of the most important pests of these crops. The 

 maggots work in the stems of the host plants, about the level of 

 the ground, causing these to wither and die. Injury by a second 

 brood in the heads of these grains causes a blighting of the grains, 

 producing the condition known in Swedish as "frits" from whence 

 the name. 



Oscinis thece is sometimes injurious to tea in Ceylon, the maggots 

 mining the leaves. A species of Agromyza mines the stems of 

 peas in India, while still another form mines the leaves of crucifer- 

 ous plants. 



COLEOPTERA. 



Byturidce. 



A single species in this family is regarded as quite troublesome 

 in England, and occurs in France and Germany, namely, By turns 

 tomentosus Fabr. It attacks raspberries, and the greater part of 

 the fruit is stated often to be injured and made unfit for market 

 purposes. The beetles nip off the blossoms and the larvae infest 

 and feed upon the fruit. It will be recalled that our species, 

 Byturus unicolor Say, infests raspberries in the same way, but is 

 apparently much less important than its European cogener. 



