OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XV, 1913 161 



tical value. We must know the full biology of parasites before 

 we can handle them practically with any certainty. So much of 

 this character is being done in the Bureau, and so little elsewhere, 

 that it is important that any parasite introduced by a state Ento- 

 mologist should be referred to the Bureau before liberation. 



Dr. Howard, referring to the external feeding Ichneumonid (I'un- 

 iscus geminatus) mentioned by Mr. Cushman, said that Hymenop- 

 terous parasites of naked hosts that is, host insects not sheltered 

 by a cocoon, or in a twig, or in a leaf live internally as a rule, 

 and that it is very rare indeed to find an external Hymenopterous 

 parasite on an unprotected host insect. Almost the only exception 

 that ocurred to him was that of Euplectrus comstockii How., which 

 had been described many years ago by Mr. Schwarz. In fact, it 

 sometimes happens that the same species of parasite, in its larval 

 stage, will feed exteriorly upon a protected host, and interiorly 

 upon an unprotected host, 



In reply to Dr. Howard's remarks on external parasites of free 

 living larva?, Mr. Cushman stated that Paniscus does not belong 

 strictly to this class since, although its egg is deposited on a free 

 living larva, its feeding is done after the host has spun its cocoon. 



Mr. Schwarz, in remarking on the paper, said that most para- 

 sites of inside feeding larvae are external feeders. 



-President Busck stated that several parasites are internal feed- 

 ers and mentioned the Solidago gall maker, Gnorimoschema galbi- 

 solidaginis Riley, which is commonly infested with polyembryonic 

 internal parasites. 



-Mr. Cushman said that Tetrastichus hunter i, a parasite of the 

 boll weevil, is not only an internal feeder but also pupates within 

 the host. 



Mr. Schwarz stated that Adal/n x<ni<jti/nea is common in Cen- 

 tral and South America and is found only in the United States in 

 tropical Florida. He referred to the first report of the Experiment 

 Station of Cuba, in which Dr. George Dimmock pointed out 1 1n- 

 difference between the larva? of Ada/in xnn<in/ni and A. inundn. 

 Finally he said that M(i(jill<i /i/uc/ilntn is commonly found in low 

 places. 



Mr. Cushman remarked here that most of the parasitized 

 specimens from Vienna, Virginia, came from high ground. 



