154 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



to occur normally in Gastrophilus and Hypoderma, and prob- 

 ably in other forms with thick chorion, as Cuterebra and 

 Dermatobia. 



Pantel points out and accounts for the mistake of Neilson 

 in claiming larviposition for Tachina larvarum. Evidently 

 the maggots which Neilson mistook for larvarum were de- 

 stroyed by larvarum maggots hatched from the eggs covering 

 the hosts, the larvarum maggots themselves being overlooked 

 but the larvarum flies reared. This illustrates well what 

 serious confusion may result during investigations that seem 

 well guarded. 



The form mentioned by Pantel as referred by me with 

 doubt to Hemimasicera is Cyclotaphrys anser T. 



An important point brought out by Pantel is that of acci- 

 dental viviparity. Von Siebold has recorded such for Calli- 

 phora vomitoria. Pantel states that he has noted the same 

 condition in Euxysta grandis and Parasetigena segregata. 

 While I believe that this phenomenon may actually occur at 

 times, I feel that the greatest caution is necessary in the de- 

 termination of such individuals, which may in some cases 

 represent other types very similar in external characters. 

 Portchinski's work noted further on, while perhaps correct as 

 to determinations, has an important bearing on this point. 



Another point of interest brought out by Pantel's work is 

 that the ovarioles of the muscoid flies are without alternate 

 nutritive cells. I have independently noted this fact. There 

 is a terminal chamber present surmounted by a filament, 

 rather than a terminal filament alone, as in the ovarioles of 

 Thysanura and Orthoptera; but this chamber, while perhaps 

 nutritive in function, is not connected with each ovum by a 

 separate strand-like duct as in the more specialized type of 

 ovariole. I have noted this uniformly in many cases, and it 

 shows throughout Pantel's figures of his ten groups. 



In view of the more or less complete development, and often- 

 times escape from the chorion, of the maggot in the uterus in a 

 great part of the Muscoidea, it becomes clear that we must in 

 some manner distinguish between oviposition and larviposition. 

 In many cases the fully developed maggot is deposited in its 

 chorion. This is the case with all the leaf-ovipositing species, 

 or the forms with microtype egg. It is doubtless often the 

 case, as Pantel suggests, with forms hitherto supposed to 

 hatch the eggs or liberate the maggots in the uterus, these 

 being deposited in their delicate and transparent choria, as I 

 have several times observed with Almugmyia arida and A. 

 major, two Peruvian species, the maggots immediately mak- 



