254 M. Miiller on the Development of Chara. 



but this is not sufficient, it seems to me, to justify the association ; 

 and the true place for the Cirrhipedes is, as a distinct class, be- 

 tween the Myriapoda and the Annelides. The Campanularice 

 are not Acalephce, because that, in their embryo state, they have 

 their characters and aspect ; nor are the Acalephce members of 

 the order Anthozottj because the young Medusans resemble that 

 order. Such facts indicate an affinity, but do not call for a 

 coalition in one order. 



The Medus(2 are Anthozoans in their young age, and many 

 Anthozoa are at first Medusans ; hence they necessarily belong to 

 the same class, in which they constitute distinct orders. 



The Hydrce are not Anthozoans, but rather freshwater Medusa, 

 as I have along ago published. They cannot be separated from 

 each other by any character of importance. 



The Tunicata, which more especially occupy our present at- 

 tention, are very closely connected with the Bryozoa and the Ace- 

 phala. I have thought it proper to leave them in the class Mol- 

 lusca, because of the presence more especially of a heart. If they 

 had not that organ, there would have been no more reason to place 

 them amongst the Mollusca than amongst the polypes. In the 

 branch or tribe of the Allo-cotyledones, the first class only, that 

 of the mollusca, possesses a true heart. 



XXXIV.— O/i the Development of Chara. By C. MCller*. 



[With three Plates.] 



§ 1. Introduction. 



Although this subject has occupied the attention of many ob- 

 servers from an early period, and notwithstanding great light has 

 been thrown upon it by these numerous investigations, still a 

 history of its development combining the diffused observations 

 has hitherto been wanting. My object has been to effect this, 

 and its accomplishment appeared to me the more requisite, inas- 

 much as this family, which is characterized by so many import- 

 ant structural peculiarities above all other cryptogamic families, 

 nevertheless holds a doubtful position in systematic arrangement. 

 Although from these investigations I do not venture to decide 

 upon its systematic affinities, still, by describing the production 

 of the spores to which so much importance is attached, I hope 

 at least to adduce facts which may bring us nearer the truth. I 

 would willingly have added the development of the anthers at the 

 same time, on which numerous but not conclusive observations 

 have been made; but as the time has arrived at which these 



* Translated from the Botanische Zeitiing for June 12 and 19, 1845. 



