Botanical Notices from Spain. 427 



and Xanthium spinosum, L., in plenty, less frequent Heliotropium su- 

 pinum, L., and in vineyards about the hamlet El Viso de los Pedro- 

 ches, the pretty Cleome violacea, L., still in flower. 



3. Sand and Schleif stein formation. — This is characterized by an 

 unusually luxuriant and variously composed shrubby vegetation, 

 which is however in the Schleif stein and white sandstone formation 

 richer in trees than in the eastern red sandstone formation, and, espe- 

 cially in the country of Cordoba, frequently alternating with copses 

 of Pinus Pinea, L. Here occurs also Quercus Suher plentifully, and 

 also Qu. Ilex and Qu. Ballot a. The underwood consists especially 

 of Qu. pseudococcifera, Deaf., Qu. lusitanica a.faginea, Olea europcBa 

 var. sylvestris, Viburnum Tinus and Myrtus communis, and also almost 

 all the shrubs of the graywacke formation, especially C. ladaniferus, 

 but variously intermixed. 



4. Arenisca quarzosa. — The above- described most northern moun- 

 tain-chains of the Sierra Morena are also for the most part covered 

 with shrubs, which are very varied and characterized by the occur- 

 rence of Cistus populif alius, L., and a shrubby Helianthemum, which 

 resembles the H. halimifolium, L., but is clearly distinguished from 

 it by numerous smaller and channeled leaves. In this formation is 

 also found Cratcegus monogyna in great profusion. I have not ob- 

 served any trees in this part of the mountain-chain, with the exception 

 of Qu. Ilex and Qu. Ballota. On the rocks a Jasione is plentiful, form- 

 ing beds ; it seems to be different from J.foliosa, Cav., but unfortu- 

 nately was already quite dried up. 



5. Most Western part of the Sierra Morena. — Although this for 

 the most part consists of graywacke, its vegetation is very dif. 

 ferent from that of the rest of the graywacke range, and its un- 

 derwood extremely varied, on which account I must speak here par» 

 ticularly of this division of the mountain- chain. C. ladaniferus still 

 continues to form the chief portion of the shrubby vegetation, which 

 occupies large tracts as far as the sea ; but besides this occur C. po» 

 pulifolius, L., and almost all the shrubs of the above-described for- 

 mations in abundance, as well as all the trees, especially Qu, Suber, 

 which forms large woods with Qu. Ballota and Pinus Pinea, L. Of 

 shrubs, which I had not before observed in the other parts of the 

 mountain-chain, I found Helianthemum halimifolium, L., (the Helian' 

 themum mentioned in the preceding formation also occurs here and 

 there,) Teucrium fruticans, L., Erica umbellata, L., and lastly two 

 shrubs peculiar to the south-west of Andalusia and Portugal in great 

 plenty, namely Genista tridentata, L., and Ulex genistoides, Brot. At 

 Villanueva de los Castillejos our common Calluna vulgaris is plea* 

 tiful, and was just in full flower. 



In moist lowlands, throughout the whole range, but especially in 

 the eastern and central part, occurs a thorny shrub with virgate 

 branches and small elliptical coriaceous leaves, in very great abun- 

 dance, which appears to belong to the Rhamnaceee (I have found 

 neither flowers nor fruit), as well as Mentha Pulegium, M. rotundi- 

 folia, a Senecio, and a Pulicaria with very small heads of flowers. 

 On clayey soil, especialfcr of the granite formation, Tanacetum amiuum, 



2G2 



