CONTENTS. 



TlTLEPAGE . . . . . ... . . . . i 



DEDICATION ............ iii 



CONTENTS ............. v 



How TO MEASURE A BIUD . . viii 



INDEX TO KEY TO FAMILIES . . . . . . .131 



KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAND BIRDS . . . . . . .133 



GROUP 1. Birds having wings less than 1.75 inches long; measured bend of 



wing (carpus) to tip of longest feather ..... 133 



GROUP 2. Birds having wings from 1.75 to 2.75 inches long . . . 133 



Section 1. First primary, less than half as long as third . . 133 

 Part 1. Tip of upper mandible with small but distinct hook or 



notch ......... 133 



Part 2. Upper mandible without notch or hook at tip . 134 



Section 2. First primary more than half as long as third . . 135 

 Part 1. Tip of upper mandible with small but distinct hook or 



notch 135 



Part 2. Tip of upper mandible not notched or hooked . . 135 



GROUP 3. Birds having wings measuring from 2.75 to 3.25 inches long . 136 



Section 1. First primary, less than half as long as third . . 136 

 Part 1. A small but distinct hook or notch at tip of upper 



mandible ........ 136 



Part 2. Tip of upper mandible not notched or hooked . 137 

 Section 2. First primary, not short, always more than half as 



long as third ......- 137 



Part I.' Tip of upper mandible with small but distinct hook or 



notch ....... 137 



Part 2. Tip of upper mandible not notched or hooked 



(v) 



