KEY TO FAMILIES. LAND BIRDS. 



141 



Section 3. Upper mandible, not notched and hooked at tip. 



Part 1. First primary less than one half as long as third. 



Toes, four, two in f rout aud two behind ; or toes, three, two iu front and one behind ; tail 

 feathers, stiff and pointed. (If tail feathers are not stiff and pointed, see Nuthatches, next 

 family.) Order PICK Woodpeckers. Family P1CID/E. Woodpeckers. 



See page 190. 



d^rf7=*=^ 



Bill, as illustrated; nostrils, concealed by bristly tufts; 

 tarsus, scutellate; first primary, very short; tail feathers, 

 not stiff and pointed. (If tail feathers are stiff and pointed, 

 look for the bird under Family Picidre.) 

 Family PARID/E. 

 Subfamily SITTIN/E. Nuthatches. 

 See page 317. 



Bill, as illustrated; nostrils, concealed by hristly tufts of hair-like 

 feathers ; first primary, short ; forehead, black ; back, gray ; head, with 

 more or less crest ; sides of body, washed with brown (Tufted Titmouse) . 



Family PARID/E. Titmice. 

 See page 318. 



First primary, about one half as long a? 

 third; feet, zygodactyle (toos, two in front, 

 two behind) ; outer tail feathers, very much 

 shorter than middle feathers. 



Family CUCULID/E. Cuckoos. 

 See pag-> 1SS. 



