KEY TO FAMILIES. LAND BIRDS. 



145 



Feet, syndactyle; toes, four, the middle aud outer ones joined, being fastened together for 

 more than half their length. 



Family ALCEDINID/E. Kingfishers. 



See page 189. 



First primary, much shorter than second, always less than three fourths as long 

 as third ; fourth, or fifth primary, longest ; bill, stout aud strong ; the nostrils, concealed by 

 coarse, hair-like feathers; outer tail feathers, shorter than middle feathers. 



360 



360 



Family CORVID/E. Subfamily GARRULIN/C. Jays. 



See page 209. 



First primary, never less than three fourths as long as third ; base of bill, extend- 

 ing backward, forming a. point, dividing the feathers of the forehead; nostrils, exposed; outer 

 tail feathers, shorter than middle feathers. 



Family ICTERID/E. Blackbirds, Orioles, Meadow Larks. 



See page 213. 



