148 



THE BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 



Eyes not surrounded by radiated disk of 

 feathers ; plumage, black or dark brown ; 

 hind toe, short; claws, not sharp; head, 

 bare in adult. 



Family CATHARTID/E. Vultures. 



See page 158. 



Eyes not surrounded by radiated disk of feathers, as in the Owls ; toes, armed with talons : 

 head, not barr. 



Hawks, Eagles, etc. 



See page 161. 



Eyes, surrounded by 

 radiated disk of feathers; 

 plumage, soft; bill, 

 hooked ; toes, armed with 

 talons. 



(a) Middle toe nail with comb-like edge. 



Family STR1QID/C. Barn Owls. 



See page 181. 



Middle toe without comb-like edge. 



Family BUBON1D/E. Horned Owls, Hoot Owls. 



See page 186. 



Toes, four, two iu front and two behind (zygodaetyle) ; tail 

 feathers, stiff and pointed. Family PICID/E. Woodpeckers. 



See page 1'Jl. 



Plumage, glossy black ; first primary, much shorter than 

 second, not exceeding half as long as third; fourth, or fifth primary, 

 longest; bill, stout and strong; the nostrils, concealed by coarse, 

 hair-like feathers ; outer tail feathers, shorter than middle feathers. 

 Family CORVID/E. Crows and Ravens. 

 See page 201, 



