iz6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. IX. 



SECTION 3. Upper mandible, not notched and hooked at tip. 

 PART 1. First primary, less than one-half as long as third. 



Toes, four, two in front and two behind; or toes, three, two in 

 front and one behind; tail feathers, stiff and pointed. (If tail 

 feathers are not stiff and pointed, see Nuthatches, next family.) 



Order PICI. Woodpeckers. Family PICHX/E. Woodpeckers. 



See page 163. 



Bill, as illustrated; nostrils, con- 

 cealed by bristly tufts; tarsus, scutel- 

 late; first primary, very short; tail 

 feathers, not stiff and pointed. (If tail 

 feathers are stiff and pointed, look for 

 the bird under Family Picidae. ) 



Family SITTID^E. Nuthatches. 

 See page 267. 



Bill, as illustrated; nostrils, concealed by 

 bristly tufts of hair-like feathers; first primary, 

 short; forehead, black; back, gray; head, with 

 more or less crest; sides of body, washed with 

 brown (Tufted Titmouse ) . 



Family PARID^E. Chickadees and Titmice. 



See page 268. 



