CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



TlTLEPAGE ............. i 



PREFACE ............. iii 



CONTENTS . v 



GLOSSARY ............. vii 



TOPOGRAPHY OF A BIRD .......... viii 



INTRODUCTION ............ 1 



How TO MEASURE A BIRD .......... 8 



INDEX TO KEY TO FAMILIES. WATER BIRDS ...... 10 



GROUP 1. Toes, four, with lobate webs, or webs on sides of toes . . . 11 

 GROUP 2. Toes, four; front toes palmate (full webbed) ; hind toe not con- 

 nected with front ones by web . . . . . . 12 



GROUP 3. Toes, four, full webbed ; hind toe connected with front ones by 



web ........... 15 



GROUP 4. Toes, four, not full webbed; small webs between toes at base, or 



toes entirely without web . . . . . . . 17 



Section 1. Hind toe, raised above level of front toes . . . 17 



Section 2. Hind toe, on level with front toes . . . . 19 



GROUP 5. Toes, three, full webbed ; no hind toe . . . . . 21 



GROUP 6. Toes, three ; a small web between toes, or entirely without web . 23 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF WATER BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA . . 25 



FAMILY PODICIPID;E. GREBES 25 



FAMILY GAVIID^E. LOONS 27 



FAMILY ALCIDJE. AUKS, PUFFINS, AND MURRES . . . . . 29 



FAMILY STERCORARIID.E. SKUAS AND JAEGERS 33 



FAMILY LARID^E. GULLS AND TERNS . 35 



SUBFAMILY LARINJE. GULLS ......... 36 



SUBFAMILY STERNINJE. TERNS ... . . . . . . . 41 



FAMILY RIIYNCHOPHXE. SKIMMERS ........ 45 



FAMILY DIOMEDEID.E. ALBATROSSES ........ 46 



(v) 



