60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XI. 



Skull more than 15 inches long (average 

 adult, 22 to 23 inches); antlers heavy, broad, 

 much flattened and largely in one piece, without 

 long irregular branches; tines extending in sim- 

 ple points from the edge of the main part of the 

 antler; upper canines absent; female without 

 antlers; general body color, brownish black; end 

 of nose covered with hair (except a narrow slit 

 between nostrils). MOOSE. 



Parolees americanus, p 74. 



Subfamily CERVINE. 

 Genus ODOCOILEUS Rafin. 



Odocoileus Rafinesque, Atlantic Journal, I, No. 3, 1832, p. 109. Type 

 Odocoileus speleus Rafin. = Cervus dama americanus Erxleben. 



Lateral hoofs developed but comparatively small; terminal half of 

 antlers curved forward, the tines extending from back side of antler; 

 antlers (normally) in male only; upper canines absent; exposed meta- 

 tarsal gland on outer side of leg; lateral metacarpals complete. 



Dental formula:* I. , C. , Pm. ^, M. ^=32. 

 3-3 i-i 3-3 3-3 



Odocoileus virginianus (BODD.). 

 VIRGINIA DEER. WHITE-TAILED DEER. 



Cervus virginianus BODD., Elench. Animal, I, 1785, p. 136. ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. 



Nat. Hist., XIII, 1869 (1871), p. 186 (Iowa). 

 Cervus Virginianus KENNICOTT, Trans. 111. State Agr. Soc., I, 1853-54 ^855), p. 580 



(Cook Co., Illinois). 



Cariacus virginianus GARMAN, Bull. Essex Inst., XXVI, 1894, p. 4 (Kentucky). 

 Odocoileus virginianus ALLEN, Amer. Nat., XXXIV, 1900, p. 318. HAHN, Proc. 



U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXII, 1907, p. 456 (Indiana). Ib., Ann. Kept. Dept. Geol. 



Nat. Resources Ind., 1908 (1909), p. 457 (Indiana). 



Odontoccelus americanus ELLIOT, Field Mus. Pub., Zool. Ser., VI, 1905, p. 43. 

 Odocoileus americanus WOOD, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1910, p. 516 



(Illinois). 



Type locality Virginia. 



Distribution Formerly middle United States, from north of Florida 



and the Gulf states to about latitude 43, and west to the plains; 



beyond these limits slightly different geographical races occur (see 



map). Now probably extinct in Illinois and in the more settled 



portions of its former range. 



* Although having the appearance of an incisor, osteologists consider the fourth 

 lateral incisoform tooth to be really a canine. 



