FEB., 1912. MAMMALS OF ILLINOIS AND WISCONSIN CORY. 297 



draweth unto him a Calf e that wandereth from the dam ; for by singular 

 treacherie he taketh him by the nose, first drawing him forwarde, and 

 then the poore beast striveth and draweth backward, and thus they 

 struggle together, one pulling one way, and the other another, till at 

 last the Wolfe perceiving advantage, and feeling when the Calfe pulleth 

 heavyest, suddenly he letteth go his hold, whereby the poore beast 

 falleth back upon his buttocks, and so doune right upon his backe; 

 then flyeth the Wolfe to his belly which is then his upperpart, and 

 easily teareth out his bowels, so satisfieng his hunger-greedy appetite; 

 But if they chance to see a Beast in the water, or in the marsh em- 

 combred with mire, they come round about him, stopup al the passages 

 where he shold come out, baying at him, and threatning him, so as the 

 poore distressed Oxe plunge th himself many times over head and ears, 

 or at the least wise they so vex him in the mire, that they never suffer 

 him to come out alive. At last when they perceive him to be dead 

 and cleane without life by suffocation, It is notable to observe their 

 singular subtility to draw him out of the mire, whereby they may eat 

 him; for one of them goeth in, and taketh the beast by the taile, who 

 draweth with all the power he can, for wit without strength may better 

 kill a live Beast, than remove a dead one out of the mire ; therefore he 

 looketh behind him and calleth for more helpe, then presently another 

 of the Wolves taketh the first Wolves tail in his mouth, and the third 

 Wolfe the seconds, a fourth the thirds, a fifth the fourths, and so for- 

 ward, encreasing their strength, until they have pulled the beast out 

 into the dry lande." 



Domestic Dogs of the present day are members of this family and 

 are claimed to be divisible into nearly two hundred so-called species 

 or varieties. Their ancestry is veiled by the mist of ages, although it is 

 probable that they are descendants of several wild species including 

 Wolves and Jackals ; but they have become so differentiated by admix- 

 ture during the centuries they have existed in a non-feral condition that 

 the characters of the original type or types have been lost. Beddard 

 says, "There seems to be no doubt that the Dog was the 'friend of 

 man ' in very early times. Its remains have been met with in Danish 

 kitchen-middens, in the lake-dwellings of the Swiss lakes, and during the 

 Bronze Age in Europe generally. But ' there are few more vexed ques- 

 tions in the archaeology of natural history than the origin of the Dog.' 

 Its remains already referred to may in many cases have argued its use 

 as food. But in a Neolithic barrow a Dog was found buried with a 

 woman, the skeleton of both being in situ; this animal was about the 

 size of a Shepherd Dog."* 



* Mammalia, 1902, p. 422. 



