ORDER PRIMATES. 

 MAN, APES, MONKEYS, ETC. 



This order comprises two living suborders: Lemuroidea containing 

 the Lemurs; and Anthropoidea, which includes the Monkeys, Apes 

 and Man. With the exception of the last no representative of the order 

 occurs within our limits,* but Man has existed in North America since 

 a very early period and it is obvious, from a zoological standpoint, 

 should be included in a faunal list of the mammals of this region. 

 With the exception of Man all the members of the order are nearly or 

 quite covered with hair and are generally arboreal in habits. The 

 nails are flattened (except in the Lemurs and Marmosets) and the hands 

 are adapted for grasping, as are also the feet to a more or less degree, as 

 (except in Man) the hallux or big toe is opposable to the digits. The 

 orbits of the skull are surrounded by bone and the orbital and temporal 

 vacuities are at least partly separated. Clavicles are always present; 

 the scaphoid and lunar of the carpus are distinct; the humerus lacks 

 the entepicondylar foramen and the femur a third trochanter. The 

 stomach is usually simple, being 'sacculated only in the largely vege- 

 tarian subfamily Semnopithecince; a caecum is present and large. The 

 mammae are usually thoracic, always so except in some Lemurs, where 

 they are also abdominal. Tail varying from very long, as in some of the 

 Monkeys, to entirely absent in the higher Apes (Simiidce) and Man. 



Suborder ANTHROPOIDEA. 



The Anthropoidea are divided into five families, two of which, 

 Hapalidce, the Marmosets, and Cebidce, the American Monkeys, are 

 confined to the New World; while the members of the Cercopthecidce, 

 the Macaques, Baboons, etc., and Simiidce, which includes the Gibbons, 

 Ourangs, Chimpanzees, and Gorillas, are all Old World forms. The 

 fifth family, Hominidce, Man, contains but one living genus f, Homo, 



* Fossil remains of Monkeys and Lemurine mammals have been found in Wyom- 

 ing. (See Wortman, Amer. Journ. Sci., XV, 1903, p. 191; and Osborn, The Age of 

 Mammals, 1910, p. 134.) 



t Authorities differ as to whether the fossil genus Pithecanthropus belongs to 

 this family or to the Simiidce. Osborn places it in the Hominida (1. c., p. 545). 



478 



