32 Field Columbian Museum — Anthropology, Vol. II. 



males and barely indicated in the females. Often, however, in the 

 males the prominence of the glabella is entirely overshadowed by the 

 strong development of the supraorbital ridges. The latter are even less 

 faintly marked in the females than is the glabella. The sides of the 

 orbit are generally thin and sharp and straight, thus forming a 

 squarish or quadrilateral outline, the former prevailing in the females, 

 the latter in the males. We may expect, therefore, to find some 

 difference in the orbital index for the two sexes. This average is 84 

 for the males, with a maximum index of 94 and a minimum index of 80; 

 the average for the seven females is 91, with 102 for the maximum 

 and 80 for the minimum. The males thus fall into the mesoseme 

 group, while the females belong to the megaseme group. The 

 average for both sexes is 87, which corresponds pretty well to the 

 average of Papuans measured by Turner, but is higher than the 

 average given by Quatrefages and Hamy. The interorbital space 

 varies in width in individual skulls but it certainly averages more 

 than in the European races. The angle of the axes of the orbits also 

 varies greatly in the individual crania. I have measured it in several 

 cases and find it in a few instances to exceed 15 . In the fifteen 

 skulls the infraorbital suture is found on both sides six times, 

 equally divided between the two sexes. This anomalous suture, as 

 Turner has shown, is simply the survival of a fissure which is always 

 present in early life but which normally becomes obliterated. 



I have already remarked that in a majority of skulls the lachry- 

 mals and ethmoid bones have been destroyed. In five skulls the 

 lachrymals are present. They are generally small, deep set and 

 possess only a slight hamular development. In one case, however, 

 the process reaches the face, while in another case it is absent alto- 

 gether. 



The nasal bones are subject to considerable variation; in some 

 skulls they are broad, even, and symmetrical, in others they are small, 

 triangular in shape and very unsymmetrical. The lower margins are 

 in the majority of the skulls more or less damaged. Partial oblitera- 

 tion of the nasal structure occurs twice. The angle formed by the 

 nasal bones varies greatly in the different skulls. In a few instances 

 the angle is decidedly open, so that there is no well formed nasal 

 bridge; in others the bridge is sharp and prominent. The crest of 

 the nasal bridge is concave above, with a slight convexity toward the 

 inferior extremity. In no single case can the lower margin of the 

 nasal opening be said to be sharp. It is either round, or in a few 

 cases sloping, so that the openings are directed almost downwards. 

 The nasal spine is invariably of weak development and small propor- 



