50 Field Museum oe Naturae History — Axth., Vol. XII. 



In the preparation of this paper I have, so far as possible, drawn 

 on the knowledge of others to fill in the gaps in my own notes. In 

 spite of this the information on certain groups is still so scanty that 

 this can be, at best, only a sketch. It is offered at this time in the 

 hope that it may serve as a help to other anthropologists who may 

 plan to visit this most interesting field. 



I wish here to extend my thanks to the various civil and military 

 authorities who gave me valuable assistance; also to Captain James 

 Burchfield, H. S. Wilson, James Irwin, Otto Hanson, William Gohn, 

 Henry Hubbell, and Juan de la Cruz, planters, whose wide knowledge 

 of, and acquaintance with the interior tribes made possible my work 

 in many localities. 



It is a pleasure and a duty to acknowledge the assistance rendered 

 by my wife, who accompanied me throughout my Philippine work. 

 Her presence made it possible to secure the complete confidence of the 

 hill people, and thus to gain an insight into their home life which 

 otherwise would have been impossible. A large part of the material 

 here presented, particularly that relating to the women, was gathered 

 by her and many of the photographs are from her camera. 



The dialects spoken by the tribes of central and southern Mindanao 

 are to be dealt with in a separate publication, so that at this time I 

 shall merely give a brief description of the characters appearing in the 

 native names used in this paper. The consonants are pronounced as 

 in English, except r which is as in Spanish, c is used as ch in church. 

 n, which occurs frequently, is a palatal nasal. There is no clear artic- 

 ulation and the stop is not present, but the back of the tongue is well 

 up on the soft palate. 



The vowels are used as follows: 



a like a in fatter 



e like a in fate 



I like i in ravine 



o like o in note 



u like u in flute 



a, c, i, o, u, short of the above. 



£ is a sound between the obscure vowel c, as e in sun, and the ur 

 in burrow. 



The dipthongs are ai like ai in aisle, an like on in mouse, or final 

 Spanish ao as in carabao: ei like ei in eight, oi as in boy, also Eu, at, etc 



Fay-Cooper Cole, 

 Assistant Curator of Malayan Ethnology. 



Chicago, September, 191 3. 



