92 Field Museum of Natural History— Anth., Vol. XII. 



as well as salt and some animals. The knives made by him are in great 

 demand and often travel far inland. While among the Bukidnon of 

 the North-Central part of the Island the writer secured one blade and 

 guard of undoubted Bagobo workmanship. In early days, Chinese 

 and Moro traders brought gongs, jars, plates, and other crockery, as 

 well as many other articles now among the prized heirlooms of wealthy 

 men or occupying an important place in the ceremonial life of the tribe. 

 Through these same channels came the Borneo ivory of w r hich the ear 

 plugs are made, while other objects from more distant regions were 

 occasionally brought in. Two examples of this trade are now in the 

 collections of the Field Museum of Natural History. One is a jacket 

 made from Javanese cloth; the second a belt buckle which apparently 

 originated in Perak. 



Local feuds, as well as the desire of individuals to be known as 

 magani, have always made it unsafe for small numbers of traders to 

 venture to any great distance from home, and this has been a great 

 hindrance to trade. However, large parties, even from other tribes, 

 sometimes go to a village for purposes of trade, having previously 

 notified the inhabitants of their intentions. While in Malilla the writer 

 met with a party of thirty Bila-an traders who lived three days' march 

 to the east. The influence of capture, intermarriage, and looting, in 

 carrying the artifacts of one tribe into the territory of another has 

 previously been mentioned. 



WARFARE. 



The offensive weapons used by the Bagobo are spears, knives (Fig. 1 5 

 and Plate XXXII), and at times bows and arrows (Fig. 17). For 

 defense they carry shields, either round or oblong (Figs. 31-32), and cover 

 the body with so many strips of hemp cloth that a knife thrust is warded 

 off. Turning his body sideways to the enemy, the warrior crouches 

 behind his shield, keeping up a continuous capering, rushing forward 

 or dancing backward, seeking for an opening but seldom coming to 

 close quarters. Arrows and spears are glanced off with the shields. 

 An attack is usually initiated by the throwing of spears, then, if the 

 enemy is at a disadvantage or confused, the warriors rush in to close 

 combat. For this purpose they rely entirely on their knives, and as 

 fencers they are unexcelled. They are but indifferent shots with the 

 bow and arrow, and that weapon is but little used in actual combat. 

 It has been frequently stated that these arrows are poisoned but I was 

 unable to discover a single specimen so prepared. When hard-pressed, 

 or when a camp must be made in dangerous territory, sharpened bamboo 



