106 Field Museum of Natural History — Anth., Vol. XII. 



Aside from the gimokod the Bagobo believe that there exists a great 

 company of powerful spirits who make their homes in the sky above, 

 in the space beneath the world, or in the sea, in streams, cliffs, mount- 

 ains, or trees. The following is the list related by Datu Tongkaling, 

 a number of mabaltan, and others supposed to have special knowledge 

 concerning these superior beings. 



I. Eugpamolak Manobo, also called Manama and Kalayagan. 

 The first and greatest of the spirits, and the creator of all that is. His 

 home is in the sky from whence he can observe the doings of men. 

 Gifts for him should be white, and should be placed above and in the 

 center of offerings intended for other spirits. He may be addressed by 

 the mabalain, the datu, and wise old men. 



II. Tolus ka balakat, "dweller in the balakat 1 ." A male spirit 

 who loves the blood, but not the flesh of human beings, and one of the 

 three for whom the yearly sacrifice is made. Only the magani may 

 offer petitions to him. He is not recognized by the people of Digos 

 and vicinity. 



Ill and IV. Mandarangan and his wife Darago. This couple look 

 after the fortunes of the warriors, and in return demand the yearly 

 sacrifice of a slave. They are supposed to dwell in the great fissure 

 of Mt. Apo, from which clouds of sulphur fumes are constantly rising. 

 The intentions of this pair are evil, and only the utmost care on the 

 part of the magani can prevent them from causing quarrels and dis- 

 sentions among the people, or even actually devouring some of them. 



V. Taragomi. A male spirit who owns all food. He is the 

 guardian of the crops and it is for him that the shrine known as paro- 

 banian is erected in the center of the rice field. 



VI. Tolus ka towangan. The patron of the workers in brass and 

 copper. 



VII. Tolus ka gomanan. Patron of the smiths. 



VIII. Baitpandi. A female spirit who taught the women to 

 weave, and who now presides over the looms and the weavers. 



IX. and X. Toglai, also called Si Niladan and Maniladan, and his 

 wife Toglibon. The first man and woman to live on the earth. They 

 gave to the people their language and customs. After their death 

 they became spirits, and are now responsible for all marriages and 

 births. By some people Toglai is believed to be one of the judges over 

 the shades of the dead, while in Bansalan he is identified with Eug- 

 pamolak Manobo. 



1 A hanger in which offerings are placed. 



