September, 19 13. Wied Tribes of Davao District — Coee. 107 



XI. Tigyama. A class of spirits, one of whom looks after each 

 family. When children marry, the tigyama of the two families unite 

 to form one who thereafter guards the couple. While usually well 

 disposed they are capable of killing those who fail to show them respect, 

 or who violate the rules governing family life. 



XII. Diwata. A class of numerous spirits who serve Kugpamolak 

 Manobo. 



XIII. Anito. A name applied to a great body of spirits, some of 

 whom are said formerly to have been people. They know all medicines 

 and cures for illness, and it is from them that the mabalian secures her 

 knowledge and her power. They also assist the tigyama in caring for 

 the families. 



XIV. Buso. Mean, evil spirits who eat dead people and have 

 some power to injure the living. A young Bagobo described his idea 

 of a buso as follows: "He has a long body, long feet and neck, curly 

 hair, and black face, flat nose, and one big red or yellow eye. He has 

 big feet and fingers, but small arms, and his two big teeth are long 

 and pointed. Like a dog he goes about eating anything, even dead 

 persons." As already noted, the people of Malilla are inclined to 

 identify the gimokod of the left side with this evil class. 



XV. Tagamaling. Evil spirits who dwell in big trees. 



XVI. Tigbanua. Ill disposed beings inhabiting rocks and cliffs in 

 the mountains. These last two classes are frequently confused with 

 the buso. 



In addition to these, the old men of Malilla gave the following: 



1. Tagareso. Low spirits who cause people to become angry and 

 to do little evil deeds. In some cases they cause insanity. 



2. Sarinago. Spirits who steal rice. It is best to appease them, 

 otherwise the supply of rice will vanish rapidly. 



3. Tagasoro. Beings who cause sudden anger which results in 

 quarrels and death. They are the ones who furnish other spirits with 

 human flesh. 



4 and 5. Balinonok and his wife Balinsogo. This couple love blood 

 and for this reason cause men and women to fight cm to run amuck. 



6. Siring. Mischievous spirits who inhabit caves, cliffs, and 

 dangerous places. They have long nails and can be distinguished by 

 that characteristic. They sometimes impersonate members of the 

 family and thus succeed in stealing women and children, whom they 

 carry to their mountain homes. The captives are not eaten but are 

 fed on snakes and worms, and should they try to escape the siring will 

 scratch them with their long nails. 



