September, 19 13. Wild Tribes of Davao District — Cole. 151 



of their time, for added to their desire for loot and slaves was a demand 

 for victims imposed by the warrior deity. The women cultivated little 

 patches of corn, camotes, and some cocoanuts, and at certain seasons 

 all the members of the tribe went to the forest to gather sago, but aside 

 from this the sea furnished most of their food supply. According to 

 their own stories they did not cultivate rice until recent years, and 

 Datu Bongkalasan insists that none of the people planted rice when 

 he was a boy. It is his belief that all the ceremonies connected with the 

 rice culture were learned from the Tagakaolo and Bila-an. 



From the Spanish writers 1 we hear little but evil of this people, 

 They are spoken of as warlike, superstitious, treacherous, and vengeful 

 as head-hunters "who expose the heads of their enemies on poles," and 

 as slavers. From Father Gisbert 2 we learn that in 1886, about twelve 

 hundred members of the tribe were converted to Christianity; but during 

 the period following the departure of the Spaniards most of them desert- 

 ed the faith and returned to the old life. Since American occupation 

 they have been among the most troublesome people of Southern Min- 

 danao, and only as late as 191 1 were responsible for the death of a num- 

 j-rp^ — pj] — __— ^^ ber of planters and the destruction 



of the plantations in the neighbor- 

 hood of Nuin. They are rapidly 

 breaking up as a tribe, and are inter- 

 marrying with the coast natives and 

 hill tribes, from both of whom they 

 are adopting artifacts and ideas. 

 Already they have so altered their 

 dwellings that we cannot refer to a 

 typical Kulaman home; their house- 

 hold utensils 3 are those of their 



HE 



fMp* 



JiP^wJ? 



FIG. 43. 



Part of a Hemp Cloth pillow Cover. 



FIG. 44. 



Waterproof basket with In- 

 Fitting Top. 



1 Blair and Robertson, Vol. LV, p. 556. 



2 Blair and Robertson, Vol. XLIII, p. 242. 



3 Long narrow hemp cloth pillows (fig. 43) and round waterproof boxes with 

 infitting, tray-like tops (fig. 44) are found in nearly every house. The use of these 

 two articles is not confined to this people, but is typical of them. The same type 

 of box is found among the Manobo of the Agusan river valley. 



