i8o Field Museum of Naturae History — Anth., Voe. XII. 



and that only those persons who gave heed to liis instructions would 

 survive. These instructions bade all to cease planting and to kill 

 theii animals for, he said, "if they survive to the end they will eat you." 

 A religious house or shrine was to he built in every settlement, and 

 was to be looked after by divinely appointed ministers. Those persons 

 who were at first inclined to be skeptical as to the truth of the message, 

 were soon convinced by seeing the Magbabaya enter the bodies of 

 the ministers, causing them to perform new, frantic dances, interrupted 

 only by trembling fits during which their eyes protruded and gave 

 them the semblance of dead men. 



By the time the tungud had reached the Mayo district it had lost 

 most of its striking features, but was still powerful enough to cause 

 many of the Mandaya to kill their animals and hold religious dances 

 The coast Moro, who at that time were restless, took advantage of 

 the movement to further a plan to drive American planters and 

 Christianized natives from the district. The leading Mandaya were 

 invited to the house of the Moro pandita 1 "to see the spirit Diwata " 

 During several nights the son of the pandUa impersonated the spirit 

 and appeared in the darkened room. Over his chest and forehead he 

 had stretched thin gauze and beneath this had placed many fire-flies, 

 which to the imaginative people made him appear superhuman. His 

 entrance into the room was attended by a vigorous shaking of the 

 house, caused by a younger brother stationed below. A weird dance 

 followed and then the spirit advised the people to rise and wipe out 

 the whole Christianized population. The Mandaya had become so 

 impressed by the nightly appearance of Diwata that it is more than 

 probable they would have joined the Moro in their project had not an 

 American planter at Mayo learned of the plot. He imprisoned the 

 leaders, thus ending a scheme which, if successful, would have given 

 new attributes to at least one of the spirits. 



SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 



The before-mentioned ballyan direct the religious observances of 

 the tribe. Their mysterious powers give them great influence among 

 their fellows but, nevertheless, they are subservient to the local ruler. 



The tribe is divided into many small groups, each of which is 

 governed by a bagani. To reach this coveted position a man must have 

 distinguished himself as a warrior and have killed at least ten persons 



1 The religious head of the settlement. 



