NYMPHAEACEAE. 139 



Order 10. RANALES. 



Herbs, shrubs or trees. Calyx present, usually of separate sepals. 

 Corolla usually present and of separate petals. Ovary or ovaries superior, 

 free from the calyx; carpels 1 to many, usually separate. Stamens mostly 

 hj'pogynous and more numerous than the sepals. 



Aquatic herbs, the leaves peltate or with a basal sinus. Fam. 1. Nymph aeaceae. 

 Terrestrial plants. 



Stamens many ; sepals distinct. 



Flowers perfect (in the Bahama species). 



Carpels distinct ; sepals 4 or 5 ; petals, when 



present about as many (none in Clematis). Fam. 2. Raxuxculaceae. 

 Carpels more or less coherent ; sepals 3 ; 



petals 6 ; trees or shrubs. Fam. 3. Axxoxaceae. 



Flowers dioecious, small ; climbing vines. Fam. 4. Mexispeemaceae. 



Stamens 9 or 12 in 3 or 4 series of 3 each ; sepals 

 more or less united. 

 Shrubs or trees with broad leaves ; fruit borae 



on the calyx-tube. Fam. 5. Laueaceae. 



Leafless vines ; fruit enclosed by the accrescent 



calyx-tube. Fam. 6. Cassythaceak. 



Family 1. NYMPHAEACEAE DC. 



Water Lily Family. 



Aquatic perennial herbs, with horizontal rootstocks, floating, im- 

 mersed or rarely emersed leaves, and solitary axillary flowers. Sepals 

 3-5. Petals 5-x. Stamens 5 cc ; anthers erect, the connective continu- 

 ous with the filament. Carpels 3 go, distinct, united, or immersed in the 

 receptacle. Stigmas distinct, or united into a radiate or annular disk; 

 ovules l-oo, orthotropous. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds enclosed in pulpy 

 arils, or rarely naked ; cotyledons fleshy ; hypocotyl very short. Five 

 genera and about 55 species, widely distributed in fresh water. 



1. CASTALIA Salisb. Par. Lond. 1: pi. 14. 1805. 



Herbs with horizontal perennial rootstocks, floating leaves and showy 

 flowers. Sepals 4. Petals in several rows, or but few, inserted on the ovary, 

 gradually passing into stamens; stamens cc, the exterior with large petaloid 

 filaments and short anthers, the interior with linear filaments and elongated 

 anthers. Carpels oo, united into a compound pistil with radiating linear pro- 

 jecting stigmas. Fruit globose, covered with the bases of the petals, ripening 

 under water. [A spring of Parnassus.] About 40 species, of wide geographic 

 distribution. Type species: Castalia magnified Salisb. 



1. Castalia pulchella (DC.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 138. 1906. 



Nymphaea pulchella DC. Syst. 2: 51. 1821. 



Nympliaea ampla pulchella Casp. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 42; 159. 1878. 



Bootstock 2-4 cm. thick. Petioles 5-10 mm. thick, various in length, de- 

 pending upon the depth of water; leaf-blades suborbicular, rather thin, 1-3 

 dm. broad, glabrous, undulate or repand, green on both sides, very coarsely 

 reticulate-veined beneath, the basal sinus rather narrow, the lobes acute ; 

 peduncles about as long and as thick as the petioles; sepals 4, lanceolate, 



