THE CONSTIirCTIOX OF MANIKIN'S. 143 



tire body and save them for reference: until the manikin is com- 

 plete. The pelvis and the thorax will help yon greatly by and 

 by. We will now assume that we are ready to proceed with 

 the manikin, which we will follow out by successive steps. 



1. The first thing- to do is to cut a deep groove in the bones of 

 the heel, close alongside the base of the calcaneum, also in the 

 bones of the foot at the joints, and in the head of the humerus 

 from the back, so that the iron can fit in snugly, and not create 

 a great, awkward, rounded hump at each of those joints. In a 

 hoofed animal, the centre of the hoof must bo cut out so that 

 the iron can pass through it quite out of sight where it enters 

 the pedestal. The lower joints of the foreleg must be chan- 

 nelled out in the same way. Study the shape of each joint and 

 you will then see precisely what is needed. In cutting out 

 these grooves, I use a saw for certain bones, and gouges and 

 stone-mason's chisels for others, according to circumstances. 

 Kemember that between the tendon of Achilles and the lower 

 end of the tibia there is always a deep hollow, where the skin of 

 the two sides actually comes together. Keep your leg iron out 

 of that hollow at all hazards, and this can be done only by 

 sinking the iron into the tibia. 



2. If you have an outline of the animal's body, lay it upon 

 the floor, and draw a straight line to represent the top of your 

 pedestal. If you have no sketches, then you must draw an out- 

 line in chalk upon the floor, choosing a certain crack as the line 

 of the pedestal. Now lay down the skeleton of each leg in its 

 own place, in the position the leg is to have in the finished ani- 

 mal. Measure the height of the missing bones of the foot, and 

 leave a space accordingly above the top of your assumed pedes- 

 tal. It is highly important these leg bones should each have 

 the right attitude. 



3. Take four straight No. G wires, and with the first leg laid 

 out carefully in position, bend the wire to fit the back of the 

 leg bones very exactly, cut it off the right length, and so make 

 an exact pattern for the leg rod. Remember to allow for its 

 going through a good thick pedestal, and having about two 

 inches to spare underneath for a nut and washer. The rod for 

 the foreleg may project above the upper end of the humerus 

 one-third to one-half the length of that bone, but the rod for 



