FACIAL EXPRESSION AND MOUTH MODELING. 



173 



lips, when fixed in position, have the expression desired. The 

 inner edg-e of the hairless portion of the lower lip should fit up 

 close against the jaw bone, and perhaps be tacked down upon it 

 temporarily. Very often it is necessary to hold the lips in po- 

 sition, while drying, by sewing- through the edges- and passing 

 the thread across the jaws from side to side. The skin of the 

 nose must be fully backed up with clay, so that no hollows are 

 left into which the skin can shrink away in drying. It is often 

 desirable to hold the end of the lower lip up to its place, while 

 drying 1 , by driving 1 a small wire nail through it into the bone. 



Do not fill the mouth full of clay, for it must be borne in mind 

 that the final modeling of the soft parts of the mouth must be 



Modeling Tools of Wood. 



done in papier-mache. It is no small task to dig out of a mouth 

 a quantity of clay and tow after it has become hard ; therefore, 

 leave a place for the tongue. 



A head must be thoroughly dry and shrunken before the 

 mouth can be finished and made permanent. In drying, the 

 lips draw away from the gums somewhat, which is just as it 

 should be. The first step is to clear away the dry clay from 

 around the teeth and lips, and get everything clean and ready 

 for the maehe. Then make some fine papier-mache, as describ- 

 ed elsewhere, that is sticky enough to adhere firmly to smooth 

 bone, and of such consistency that it works well in modeling. 

 With this, and your modeling spatulas and other tools of steel, 

 zinc, or hard wood (see Figs. 39-44), cover the jaw bones to re- 

 place the fleshy gums, and fill up to the edges of the lips so 

 that they seem to be attached to the g-ums as in life. Coat the 

 roof of the mouth, and model its surface into the same peculiar 



