TABLE OF CONTENTS xvii 



16. THE SUSPENSORIA OF THE VISCERA 



The dorsal diaphragm 162 



The ventral diaphragm 1 63 



The thread-like suspensoria of the viscera 163 



17. SUPPLEMENTARY DEFINITIONS 



The oenocy tes 1 63 



The pericardial cells 164 



The phagocytic organs 164 



The light-organs 165 



CHAPTER IV 



THE METAMORPHOSIS OF INSECTS 166 



I. THE EXTERNAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE METAMORPHOSIS OF INSECTS 



a. The egg 166 



The shape of the egg 167 



The sculpture of the shell 167 



The microphyle 167 



The number of eggs produced by insects 168 



Modes of laying eggs 168 



Duration of the egg-state 170 



b. The hatching of young insects 171 



The hatching spines 171 



c. The molting of insects ? 171 



General features of the molting of insects 171 



The molting fluid .... 172 



The number of postembryonic molts 172 



Stadia . . 172 



Instars I7 2 



Head measurements of larvae 173 



The reproduction of lost limbs 173 



d. Development without metamorphosis 174 



The Ametabola i/4 



e. Gradual metamorphosis 175 



The Paurometabola i7<> 



The term nymph 176 



1 Vviations from the usual type 176 



The Saltitorial Orthoptera . , 1 7 7 



The Cicadas.. 17? 



The Coccidae. . 177 



The Aleyrodidae 177 



The Aphididse '77 



The Thysanoptera 177 



f. Incomplete metamorphosis 178 



The Hemimetabola 179 



The term naiad 1 7 C > 



Deviations from the usual type 1 80 



The Odonata. 1 80 



The Ephemerida. . 180 



