THE EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS 



87 



Rasping organs of other than orthopterous insects.- Rasping 

 organs are found in many other than orthopterous insects and vary 



Sc R 



pi g> 99. Right fore wing of an adult male of Conocephalus, seen 

 from below; /, file; s, scraper. 



greatly in form and in their location on the body. Lack of space for- 

 bids any attempt to enumerate these variations here ; but examples of 

 various types of stridulating organs will be described in later chapters 

 when treating of the insects that possess them. As in the Orthoptera, 

 they consist of a rasp and a scraper. The rasp is a file-like area of the 

 surface of a segment of the body or of an appendage; and the scraper 

 is a hard ridge or point so situated that it can be drawn across the rasp 



by movements 

 of the body < >r 

 of an append- 

 age. In some 

 cases the ap- 

 paratus con- 

 sists of two 

 rasps so situ- 

 ated that they 

 can be rubbed 

 t 



Fig. 100. Stridulating organ of an ant, Myrmica riibra 

 (From Sharp after Janet); d, scraper; e, file. 



together. 



With many 



beetles one of 



the two parts of the stridulating organ is situated upon the elytra; 

 and it is quite probable that in these cases the elytra acts as vibrating 

 surfaces, as do the wings of locusts and crickets. But in many 

 cases as where a part of a leg is rubbed against a portion of a 

 thoracic segment, there appears to be no vibrating surface unless it is 

 the wall of the body or of the appendage that acts as a sounding 

 board. In the stridulating organ of Myrmica ntbra, var. /;/;/< ><//\. 

 figured by Janet (Fig. 100), the scraper is the posterior border of 

 one abdominal segment, and the file is situated on the dorsum of 

 the following segment. It is quite conceivable that in this case 



