CLASSIFICATION OF THE SYNGNATHA.- 



KY CIIAia.KS II. 1!OI. I.MAN. 



Ill accordance with the views recently advanced by 1'ocock, Kings- 

 ley, and several continental writers, 1 have regarded the Syngnatha as 

 being more closely allied to the Hej'<t/><></<t than to any orders of the 

 old group of Mi/rij>tl<i. For the class including flu- Kjiiujixithn and 

 Hexapoda, I propose the name Etyniocliilft, in reference to th<' fact that 

 they are the only two groups which have a true labiuin. I" have ar- 

 ranged the following classification according to an ascending series. 

 My reasons for placing the Lifhobiidw lowest are as follows: 



1 (a) According to the investigations of llaase. in LithobiiiH. ILi-nicops, 

 Crt/i>to})K, and in young specimens of Scolopendra and Dacetnin, the spir- 

 acles are characterized by a feeble margin, a shortish cone, no closing 

 apparatus, and by the separate apertures of the trachea-. 



(b) That in the Geophilida' and Xcolopcmlr'xUv the tracheal system is 

 most highly developed. 



2. In the distribution of the genera of ANAMOBPHA (IZiewicops, Lith- 

 ob'nts, and Scut iff era) we see indications of their oldness, while in the 

 distribution of a large number of genera of EPEMEORPHA we observe that 

 they are confined to small areas and not cosmopolitan as the others. 



Although the Epimorpha may have the highest development of a 

 tracheal system, nevertheless in many points the <}<'<>/>/ii!i<l<r show in- 

 dications of a degenerate family. 



Class ETYMOCH1LA. 

 Subclass I. HVX< IN.Vn I A. 



A comparison of the characters of the I^jnu/dr/i/nt and .\itun>ri>lt<i of 

 Meinert shows that his divisions should have the rank of orders. They 

 may be characterized as follows: 



a. Pairs of Ir^s !"; co\;i- lar.iic; I'cinalrs \\itli cxti'nial i^ciiila] anna I lire : 



straight ; yoiiii^j liuni \\ itli seven ]>air^ f Ic^s ............... . . . A \ A \K MM-IIA. 



<(((. 1'airs of lr'4.s a 1 \vays more tlian 'Jl ; c ).\a- sin nil ; It- males \\ ithoiil t-xtrrna I 



arinal HIT ; hiiul ^ut In-lit : yiiiini;- Imrn with as many ]iairsot' It-.n's as adull 



I'.i-i 



Syngnatha, as ilclini-d l>\ l.cacli, is an tdtlt-r namo than tin- < ltil<>;i<nlu <>[' 

 Latreillc, it slioiilcl l>c used in.-nrad <>(' the la t tor. 



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