128 EXPLANATION OF TERMS 



Spur: a short, stiff, generally blunt process and usually not articulated at its 



base : in the plural refers to paired spiniform processes at or near the end 



of tibia?. 

 Spur formula: a numerical expression of their arrangement; as 2-3-4; two 



spurs on fore tibia, 3 on middle, and 4 on posterior ; in Trichoptera. 

 Spurius: false: applied to aborted anterior legs in some diurnal Lepidoptera. 

 Spurious cell: in Diptera (Pack.), = 3d anal (Comst.). 



Spurious veins: certain folds or thickenings in the wing surface which re- 

 semble a vein so nearly as to be readily mistaken and sufficiently constant 



to be useful in classification. 

 Squama: in Odonata, the sclerite that bears the palpus of both maxilla and 



labium: the scale-like first abdominal segment of some ants: a scale-like 



appendage covering the base of primaries in Lepidoptera, and so = patagium ; 



q. v. : a small scale above the halteres in Diptera : in this order Packard 



uses squama for the lobed scale and restricts alula to the lobe-like appendage : 



Osten-Sacken uses squama for the posterior scale alone and antisquama for 



the anterior. 

 Squames: the flattened, fimbriated or spine-like marginal processes of the 



pygidium in Diaspincc, other than the lobes and true spines: =" plates," 



of Comst. ; or " scaly hairs " of Maskell. 

 Squamiform: having a scale-like form. 

 Squamose -ous: scaly or covered with scales. 

 Squamula: a small corneous scale covering the base of primaries in some 



insects : — tegula, q. v. : in Diptera, = alula. 

 Squarrous: scurfy: clothed with rough scales differing in direction, standing 



upright, or not parallel to the surface. 

 Stadium -ia: the interval between the molts of larva?: = instar ; q. v.: any 



one period in the development of an insect. 

 Stage: refers to the period of development; e. g., larval, pupal, etc. 

 Stalked bodies: = gyri cerebrales ; q. v. 

 Stellate: star-shaped ; with four or five radiating lines. 

 Stelocyttares: social wasps in which the comb layers of the nest are supported 



by pillars and not connected with the envelope : see poecilocyttares and 



phragmocyttares. 

 Stemapoda: the modified filamentous anal legs of Centra and other Noto- 



dontid larva?. 

 Stemmata: simple eyes or ocelli; q. v. 

 Stem-mother: in plant lice; that form hatching from the winter egg. which 



starts a series of agamic summer generations. 

 Stenocephalous: with a narrow, elongate head. 

 Stenorhynchan: narrow beaked or snouted. 

 Stenothorax: a supposed ring between pro- and meso-thorax. 

 Stercoral: relating or pertaining to excrement. 

 Sterile: not capable of reproducing its kind. 

 Sternal orifice: in Perlids ; a peculiar slit on each side of the sternum, 



extending inward and ending blindly: = furcal orifice. 

 Sternal spatula: = breast-bone ; q. v. 



