CLARK: THE STARFISHES OF THE GENUS HELIASTER. 29 



1856. Hoeven, J. Van der, translated by William Clark. 



Handbook of Zoology. 2 vols. 1. Cambridge (England). 



On p. 148-149 Asterias helianthus with " rays up to 30 and more " is 

 said to be " one of the most remarkable and most beautiful species." 



1857. Carpenter, Philip P. 



Report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the 

 Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Rept. British Ass. for 

 1856, p. 159-368. London. 



On p. 360 it is stated that Stylifer astericola is known from the Gala- 

 pagos parasitic in Asterias Solaris. The starfish referred to is unquestion- 

 ably a Heliaster and probably //. cvmingii Gray, as many specimens of 

 that species from the Galapagos are parasitized by Stylifer ; the name 

 Solaris would be more naturally applied to this species than to multiradi- 

 atus, the other Galapagos Heliaster, because of its more numerous rays. 



1857. Philippi, A. 



Vier Neue Echinodermen des Cliilenischeu Meeres. Arch f. Naturg., 

 Jahrgang 23, 1, p. 130-134. Berlin. 

 On p. 134 Asteracanthion helianthus is listed among the starfishes of Chili. 



1857. Stimpson, Wm. 



On the Crustacea and Ecliinodermata of the Pacific Shores of North 

 America. Boston Journ. Nat. Hist,, 6, p. 444-532, plates 18-23. Boston. 



On p. 529 A sterias helianthus Lam. is given as occurring at "'Mazatlan 

 (Moores)." Probably If. microbrachius is the species intended. 



1860. Lutken, Chr. 



Bidrag til Kundskab om de ved Kysterne of Mellemog Syd-America 

 levende Arter of Sostjerner. Videus. Meddel. for 1S59, p. 25-96. 

 Kjobenhavn. 



There are several references in this paper (p. 27, 31, 32, 35) to the oc- 

 currence of Heliasters on the western coast of America, but the writer 

 considers the species in each case to be helianthus In a footnote on p. 32, 

 he indicates his doubt as to the location of Hood's Island, his disbelief in 

 Gray's proposed species, and his final opinion that even if valid they do 

 not enter into the West American fauna. 



1860. Bronn, H. G. 



Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-reichs, etc. Die Klassen uud 

 Ordnungen der Strahlenthiere (Actinozoa). Leipzig und Heidelberg. 



On p. 253 reference is made to the compound madreporite of Asteracanthion 

 helianthus. 



1860. Xantus.John. 



Descriptions of Three New Species of Starfishes from Cape St. Lucas. 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1860, p. 568. Philadelphia. 



