BIGELOW: THE CTENOPHORES. 399 



captures in Japanese waters were all from temperatures above 72° F. 

 For these reasons, and because all other records of II . palmata or of 

 the forms so closely allied to it that I regard them as synonyms, are 

 from temperatures above 21° C, we can safely conclude that this 

 species is brought to the coast of Japan by the warm water of the 

 Kuroshiwo Current. On the west coast of America, the "Albatross" 

 records carry H. palmata as far north as lat. 20°; but it is probable, 

 though not absolutely certain, that this species was taken at San 

 Diego by Torrey (p. 380). Judging from surface temperatures, it 

 might have been expected to occur perhaps as far north as Santa 

 Barbara Channel where the first noticeable admixture of northern 

 coelenterates has been observed (Fewkes, '89). But it was not found 

 in San Francisco Bay by A. Agassiz, who would hardly have over- 

 looked it had it been a characteristic member of the surface fauna 

 in that region. And, from the standpoint of temperature, we 

 would hardly expect a tropical form to occur there. 



The genus Hormiphora, except for H. cucumis, is confined to tropical 

 and subtropical waters so far as the records yet show. The coldest 

 record for any recent specimen is 64° F. ; in the case of one H. ochracea 

 taken by the "Albatross" in 1900, lat. 31° 10' N., long. 125 W., but 

 cucumis is known from off the coast of Alaska, between Sitka and 

 Unalaska, in a temperature of about 45°. It is not likely that so 

 conspicuous a form would have escaped notice, did it occur in the 

 temperate or colder parts of the Atlantic, for example the Labrador 

 Current, the North Sea, the northern coast of Europe, or in New 

 England waters. 



Beroc forskalii was not taken so often as Hormiphora, but the 

 position of occurrence, together with the previous records from the 

 coasts of southern California, from Fiji, from the Ellice Islands, 

 Hawaii, the Malay Islands, and the Maldives, show that it is very 

 generally distributed over the tropical Indo-Pacific, as it is in the 

 Atlantic. This species is not known from cold currents in the Atlan- 

 tic, though as I have pointed out above (p. 388), it is recorded from 

 the Antarctic. 



Another form which is so far known from warm regions only is 

 Bolina vifrea. Up to the present time this species, whose validity 

 seems assured, was known only from the southeastern shores of the 

 United States. But the "Albatross" records show that it also occurs 

 in the Tropical Pacific; and it is probably recorded from the Indian 

 Ocean (p. 392). The captures of Pandora extends the range of that 

 form to the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Discovered in Japan only 



