452 bulletin: museuim of comparative zoology. 



Department of the Unhersity of ( 'alifornia. Tliese last are in an 

 excellent state of preservation, of medium size, yet of massive bone,' 

 with roughened brain-case, and sagittal crest developed mainly on 

 the interparietal region. The teeth are rather small, the first upper 

 premolar lacking in some cases. 



The following table gives the cranial measurements of several of 

 these skulls. The first two, from Pecos, N. Mex., differ in that the 

 one, a rostrum only, is considerably larger than the other, or any of 

 the Californian skulls. Of the latter, there are several from mounds 

 on San Nicolas Island, which represent a dog apparently identical 

 with that of New IVIexico. The last tAvo columns giA-e dimensions of 

 two old dogs with much worn teeth; in the larger, indeed, the upper 

 molars have been lost and their alveoli partially filled, while the remain- 

 ing teeth are mere stumps. The smaller of these two skulls, while 

 not very different in the measurements of the tooth-row, has a shorter, 

 smaller cranium. It is very likely a mongrel betAveen this larger dog 

 and one of the short-nosed dogs (' Pachycyon'), a relationship further 

 indicated by its slightly more upturned snout. It is further peculiar in 

 lacking the first upper premolars on both sides, Avhile in the lower jaw 

 there are on both sides four molars, the second and third each Avith 

 two roots and the fourth single-rooted like the usual third molar. 

 Four molars in the lower jaw is not an unknown featin-e in the dog. 

 Nehring (1882) found twentA' dog skulls out of 650 in Avhich there was 

 an extra molar either in both upper or both lower tooth-rows, or in 

 only one tooth-row. 



Lucas (1897) has giA^n a brief account of the cranium of a large 

 dog, evidently domesticated, found in an ancient Pueblo Indian graA-e 

 at Chaves Pass, Arizona, in 1896. Another of similar proportions 

 was discoA'ered at San Marcos, Texas, associated with Hints, a human 

 skeleton, and other bones. The former skull he regards as of a " broad- 

 faced type," and describes it as "precisely similar in size and pro- 

 portions to the cranium of an Eskimo dog from Cumberland Sound." 

 He supposes these to be carrier-dogs, and recalls Clavigero's mention 

 of them as "a quadruped of the country of Cibola [New Mexico], 

 similar in form to a mastiff, which the Indians employ to carry bur- 

 dens." I have not been able to examine these skulls, but they maA' be 

 the same as the larger of the two Ncav ]VIexico skulls here listed. 



