Pl. XXXVIII. 



EXPLANATION OF THE POWAMU ALTAR AND SAND MOSAIC. 



1. Cloud symbols, the yellow representing the north; the green, the west; 

 the red, the south; the white, the east. 



2. Reredos with blossoms and probably corn-ear symbols. 



3. Cloud and lightning frame. The symbols on the upper part of the cloud 

 tablet represent clouds, those on the lower, blossoms. The small figure in the 

 lightning represents, according to some, Cotukvnanwu; according to others, 

 Chowilawu or Powamua. 



4. Figure of the Ho-Katcina. 



5. Pookon, the god of protection 



6. Cotukvnanwu, god of thunder. 



7. Chowilawu, also called Powamua, who appears as a Katcina in the initia- 

 tion ceremony. 



8. Various lightning slabs. 



9. Bahos or prayer sticks. 



10. Corn-ear slabs. 



11. Tokwi, representing a bluff. 



12. Bahomaking outfit, showing partially finished bahos and the material 

 used in making them. 



13. Honey pot. 



14. Cloud blower. 



15. Gourd rattles. 



16. Medicine bowl with aspergill and corn-ears. 



17. Tiponi, the palladium of the Powamu chief. 



18. Eagle feathers: one is used in the purification ceremonies. 



19. An old basket containing small pieces of various kinds of food, especially 

 game. The object is called "mother,' and is the tiponi or palladium of the Kat- 

 cina priest. 



20. Monwikuru or sacred water vessel. 



21. Tray with corn-meal. 



22. Gourd vessel in which water is gotten from the spring. 



23. Sand mosaic. The four sides of the square are called wona (planks); the 

 square itself is said to represent a house. The terraces at the end of the wona 

 represent clouds, and the black projections from these clouds small turkey feather 

 prayer offerings. The four small circular figures, the large one in the center, and 

 the variously colored dots on the sand field, symbolize the various blossoms of the 

 plants, herbs and grasses used by the Hopi for food, and for ceremonial, medici- 

 nal and other purposes. 



