72 Field Columbian Museum — Anthropology, Vol. III. 



by the village chief, Lolulomai, who is at the same time assistant 

 priest of the Soyal ceremony, and who also urged that Massavestiwa's 

 inherited claim to the position was better than that of Moshohungwa. 

 At my visit to Oraibi in December, 1899, however, Moshohungwa 

 told me that he had now been reinstated as Katcina chief and that 

 Massavestiwa was to be leader of the Tataukiiamu (the Singer 

 society), of which the former Katcina chief, Talangakyoma, had also 

 been leader, and in the 1901 ceremony Moshohungwa again acted as 

 Katcina chief. 



Besides these two leaders, from eight to twelve men generally 

 participated in the ceremony. These belong to different clans, the 

 Badger, Reed, Sand, Crow, Bow, Rabbit or Tobacco, Parrot, and, 

 perhaps, a few others. In addition to these, a "sponsor" of every 

 candidate for initiation, and also a few women, are present on the 

 evening of the Powamu initiation ceremony, which will be fully 

 described later on. 



2. KIVAS. 



The Powamu ceremony proper, as well as its introductory cele- 

 bration (Powalawu), takes place in the Honani (Badger) kiva, which 

 is also known as the Powul (Butterfly), Shuatyawa (Straight or just 

 downward), and Hochichwi kiva (Zigzag kiva*). 



The so-called Katcina initiation, however, which takes place on 

 the sixth day of Powamu, is performed in the Marau kiva, which is 

 the only kiva in Oraibi that belongs exclusively to the women. Dur- 

 ing the ceremony beans are planted and grown in almost all the kivas 

 of the village, as will be more fully explained later on. 



During the time of a ceremony no one is allowed to enter the 

 kiva in which it takes place. The men who usually occupy such a 

 kiva, when not in use for ceremonial days, vacate it during the time 

 of a ceremony and accept the hospitality of some other kiva until the 

 ceremony is over. This, however, applies in this case only to the 

 Honani kiva; those in which only beans are grown are used as usual. 



3. THE TIME OF THE CELEBRATION. 



The Hopi determine their months by the moon, the name for 

 moon and month, muyawuu, being the same. The time from the new 



♦It is stated that the name "Shuatyawa" is sometimes used because the badger's hole 

 " runs down" into the earth ; the name " Zigzag" because formerly the Bow clan owned that kiva 

 ■with the Badger clan and because Hopi bows are often decorated with a white zigzag line running 

 along the whole length of the bow. 



