Dec. 1901. The Oraibi Powamu Ceremony — Voth. 77 



for different small birds with yellow and greenish feathers, such as 

 the fly-catchers and certain kinds of warblers, it is very probable that 

 feathers of any of these birds are used on this eagle feather. To the 

 latter is also fastened a small netted wheel, the rim of which is made 

 of a couwi (Atriplex canescens, Nutt) stick, the network being of 

 yucca leaf fibers (Yucca augustifolio Pursh). To this wheel are tied 

 four chat feathers*. The last object inserted in this baho stand is a 

 short stick called iaka baho (man baho), pointed at both ends and 

 made of the stem of duma (Cleome integrifolia, Nutt) (C. serrulata 

 Pursh). This stick is colored yellow in the stand on the north side, 

 green on the west, red on the south and white on the east stand. To 

 this stick is fastened a yahpa feather. Some uncertainty exists about 

 the identity of this bird. Dr. Edgar A. Mearns in his "Ornithologi- 

 cal vocabulary of the Moki Indians, "f mentions a '■'^yahpa'" and 

 identifies it as Clark's nut-cracker (Nutcifraya Columbiana). But the 

 feather in the original baho stand now on exhibition in this Museum 

 is certainly not that of a nut-cracker, but is almost beyond doubt 

 from a smaller bird, perhaps from the wing of a vermillion fly-catcher. 

 This baho is always made by a kalehtakmongwi (warrior chief), now 

 Koyongainiwa, and is said to represent a kalehtaka (warrior) standing 

 at the end of the baho stand, keeping watch over and protecting the 

 various objects on the baho stand. The various objects are prepared 

 by different men. (See PI. XLIII.) 



Nos. 5-8. Four food balls, made of dough which is prepared 

 from various kinds of native food {lapoci, kwani, sahu, younga, 

 muyaniki, pikamtosi, pinon nuts, formerly also meat of buffalo, deer, 

 antelope, etc.), and enough of pikamtosi, (pulverized //Jaw/, a mush 

 of sweet corn-meal), and water to give the dough the proper consist- 

 ency. These are said to serve as food for the clouds when deposited 

 outside of the village. 



Nos. 9-12. Four clay balls, made of the same clay and painted 

 with the same color as the baho stands. Over each ball is laid an 

 eagle feather, nakwakwosi, which it was noticed on one occasion was 

 made by Massavestiwa. 



Nos. 13-16. Four flint spear points. These were brought in by 

 Koyongainiwa, who represents POokong, the God of war and pro- 

 tection, in the Soyal ceremony.;); 



*The POokong on the Oraibi snake altar has a similar wheel on his back and the Qaqdlmanas 

 in the Oraibi Qaqdl ceremony shoot hand arrows at such wheels. In both cases the wheel is said to 

 represent a shield. In this case, however. QOmahoiniwa asserts that it simply represents a wheel 

 («^^//fl)and the feather with the wheel also serves as a protection against the destructive sand 

 storms. It is called hukuhtsi (sand storm shutter). 



fAnthropologist, Vol. IX., No. 12. 



tThe Oraibi Soyal Ceremony.Field Columbian Museum, Anthropological Series, Vol. Ill, No. i. 



